over our food or drowns itself in our drink, the gnat that buries its lancet in our veins, the bed-bug that attacks the uncleanly during the slumbers of the night, the wasp and the bee that thrust us with their stings?are all transporters, injectors or introducers of germ life. "My reasons for affirming this are briefly comprised in the statement that I have never known a person suffer from mal...

the non-defoliant strain of verticillium dahliae (ss-4) was isolated from olive groves showing disease symptoms in toshan area of southern gorgan city. root-knot nematode, meloidogyne javanica, was recovered from infested olive seedlings and following identification it was propagated on tomato seedlings cv. rutgers. one-year-old seedlings of olive cultivars, zard, roghani, koroneiki and manzani...

in order to complete the microbial control of the sawthoothed beetle by the fungus beauvaria bassiana (isolate 441c) in ipm program of stored date, 9 edible and commercial vegetable oils including canola, soybean, sesame, corn, coconut, grape seed, olive, sunflower and almond were investigated to formulate the fungus. results showed that b. bassiana formulated with sesame oil was the most suita...

In their daily lives, flying insects face a gauntlet of environmental challenges, from wind gusts to raindrop impacts. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we use high-speed videography to film raindrop collisions upon both flying insects and dynamically scaled spherical mimics. We identify three outcomes of the collision based upon the insect’s mass and characteristic size: dro...

The new book, FLIES, tells us a lot about what gnats and their relatives have to tell us about nature, would we but listen attentively. The author, Stephen Marshall, began his biological interests in beetles and then somehow went to the dark side, FLIES. This reviewer began his career in beetles and stayed put; that is what qualifies him as a reviewer of this simply superb book Steve Marshall h...

The spores have formed by fungi and these spores have developed characteristics that enable them to cope with the stresses of survival and disintegration. In the distribution of fungus spores in the atmosphere, it is important in the meteorological factors as well as the features of the fungus. The meteorological factors that play a role in the distribution of fungus spores are temperature, hum...

N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide, also known as DEET or m-DET, is an aromatic amide that is an effective insect repellent for control of biting flies, biting midges, black flies, chiggers, deer flies, fleas, gnats, horse flies, mosquitoes, nosee-ums, sand flies, small flying insects, stable flies, and ticks. DEET was first developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for military use in 1946 and was ...

entomopathogenic fungi may be affected by pesticides used to protect crop plants. the in vitro compatibility of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae with three fungicides and 16 insecticides was evaluated. the formulations of pesticides were tested in three concentrations (mean concentration (mc), half mc and twice the mc). all tested fungicides, at three concentrations, were incompati...

background: considering to the high distribution of cockroaches as urban pests, the efficacy of different formula­tions of metarhizium anisopliae strain iran 437c were assessed against the brown-banded cockroach, supella longi­palpa f. under laboratory and field conditions. methods: metarhizium anisopliae isolates were screened with immersing adults of the brown-banded cockroachs in aqueous sus...