This study reviews the problem of the individual investor and applies to it a methodology based on fuzzy sets and the theory of possibility. The investment decision is characterized by uncertainty, imprecision and complexity, which lessen the eflectiveness of conventional calculus andprobability tools. In contrast, fuzzy set theory and its modeling language provide objects of analysis and algeb...

Background: Human Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) is a surface glycoprotein expressed on cancer associated fibroblasts in the majority of epithelial cancers. Tumor promoting effects of FAP expression was reported in several cancers. However, in gastric cancer, its clinical significance is unclear. Methods: Sections of primary human gastric cancer (adenocarcinoma) and adjacent normal gastric...

In this paper, we propose a method to obtain fuzzy solutions of duality fully fuzzy linear system (DFFLS) of the form ÃX̃ = B̃X̃ + C̃, where Ã, B̃ are fuzzy matrices and C̃, X̃ are fuzzy number vectors. To this end, we solve the 1-cut of DFFLS (which is a crisp system here) ,then some unknown spreads are allocated to any row of a 1-cut of dual fully fuzzy linear system in 1-cut position. Also, by usin...

The investor's asset allocation choice deeply depends on the trade-off between risk and return. The well-known mean variance method requires predetermined risk and expected return to calculate optimal investment weights of portfolio. The artificial neural network (ANN) with nonlinear capability is proven to solve large-scale complex problem effectively. However, the traditional ANN model cannot...

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is the most common inherited polyposis syndrome. Almost all patients with FAP will develop colorectal cancer if their FAP is not identified and treated at an early stage. Although there are many reports about polypoid lesions and colorectal cancers in FAP patients, little information is available concerning depressed lesions in FAP patients. Several reports ...

Let X ∈ R denote a random stock market return vector, where Xj is the value of a one unit investment in stock j at the end of the trading day. We require that Xj ≥ 0 for j = 1, 2, . . . , m, that is, an investor cannot lose more than the invested capital. Let b, bj ≥ 0, ∑m j=1 bj = 1, denote a portfolio, that is, an allocation of investor’s capital across the investment alternatives. Let B deno...

This paper adopts the spread of fuzzy variable as a new criteria in practical risk management problems, and develops a novel fuzzy expectation-spread (E-S) model for portfolio optimization problem. Since the spread is defined by Lebesgue-Stieltjes (L-S) integral, its computation for general fuzzy variables is a challenge issue for research, and usually depends on approximation scheme and soft c...

Abstract BACKGROUND Although histologically distinct, gliosarcomas and glioblastomas are treated according to the same standards. Fibroblast-activation-protein (FAP) is a component of tumor-specific subpopulation fibroblasts that play critical role in tumor growth invasion. Few case studies suggest an elevated expression FAP glioblastoma particularly strong gliosarcoma, possibly for its predomi...