One-third of the people with an age over twenty have some signs of degenerated discs. However, in most of the patients the mere presence of degenerative discs is not a problem leading to pain, neurological compression, or other symptoms. This paper presents an interval type-2 fuzzy hybrid rule-based system to diagnose the abnormal degenerated discs where pain variables are represented by interv...

Keywords: Fuzzy relations BK subproduct Inference engine Interval-valued fuzzy sets Fuzzy sets and systems Membership functions a b s t r a c t The study of fuzzy relations forms an important fundamental of fuzzy reasoning. Among all, the research on compositional fuzzy relations by Bandler and Kohout, or the Bandler–Kohout (BK) subproduct gained remarkable success in developing inference engin...

This paper presents a nuclear case study, in which a fuzzy inference system (FIS) is used as alternative approach in risk analysis. The main objective of this study is to obtain an understanding of the aging process of an important nuclear power system and how it affects the overall plant safety. This approach uses the concept of a pure fuzzy logic system where the fuzzy rule base consists of a...

This paper introduces a new type of fuzzy inference systems, denoted as DENFIS (dynamic evolving neural-fuzzy system), for adaptive on-line learning, and its application for dynamic time series prediction. DENFIS evolve through incremental, hybrid (supervised/unsupervised), learning and accommodate new input data, including new features, new classes, etc. through local element tuning. New fuzzy...

Images of fuzzy sets under fuzzy relations have been investigated mainly in two contexts: on the one hand, mostly under the term “full image” (Gottwald, 1993), they can be regarded as very general tools for fuzzy inference, leading to the so-called “compositional rule of inference” (Gottwald, 1993; Bauer et al., 1995). The theory of fuzzy relational equations makes direct use of this fundamenta...

Processing information in fuzzy rule-based systems generally employs one of two patterns of inference: composition or compatibility modification. Composition originated as a generalization of binary logical deduction to fuzzy logic, while compatibility modification was developed to facilitate the evaluation of rules by separating the evaluation of the input from the generation of the output. Th...

expert systems are computer programs that make the knowledge of experts available when a human expert is not with in easy reach. the systems are to simulate the thinking and inference pattern of human being. the ultimate goal of expert system is to be analogous to human as much as possible. utilizing the intelligent system in commerce is indispensable for establishing a better connection with c...

Article history: Available online 4 March 2011

We propose a fuzzy rule-based system to map representations of the emotional state of an animated agent onto muscle contraction values for the appropriate facial expressions. Our implementation pays special attention to the way in which continuous changes in the intensity of emotions can be displayed smoothly on the graphical face. The rule system we have defined implements the patterns describ...