In the context of numerical simulations of elastodynamic ruptures, we compare friction laws, including the linear slip-weakening (SW) law, the Dieterich-Ruina (DR) law, and the Free Volume (FV) law. The FV law is based on microscopic physics, incorporating Shear Transformation Zone (STZ) Theory which describes local, non-affine rearrangements within the granular fault gouge. A dynamic state var...

BACKGROUND There is substantial evidence that low consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess FV consumption and the variables that influence it among elderly individuals in Iran aged 60 and over. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study to investigate FV intake by a randomly-selected sample of members of elder...

B cells are one of the targets of Friend virus (FV) infection, a well-established mouse model often used to study retroviral infections in vivo. Although B cells may be effective in stimulating cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, studies involving their role in FV infection have mainly focused on neutralizing antibody production. Here we show that polyclonal activation of B cells promotes their i...

Murine norovirus (MNV) is a highly infectious but generally nonpathogenic agent that is commonly found in research mouse colonies in both North America and Europe. In the present study, the effects of acute and chronic infections with MNV on immune responses and recovery from concurrent Friend virus (FV) infections were investigated. No significant differences in T-cell or NK-cell responses, FV...

IMPORTANCE The follicular variant (FV) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is an important subtype that can be difficult to diagnose using preoperative cytologic analysis. OBJECTIVE To compare conventional and FV PTC with regard to preoperative cytologic diagnosis using a tiered thyroid cytologic reporting system, tumor size at diagnosis, presence of invasion, and implications on prognostic ...

Aims. Determination and analysis of electron densities and filling factors of the diffuse ionized gas (DIG) in the solar neighbourhood. Methods. We have combined dispersion measures and emission measures towards 38 pulsars at distances known to better than 50%, from which we derived the mean density in clouds, Nc, and their volume filling factor, Fv, averaged along the line of sight. The emissi...

BACKGROUND The impacts of supermarket-based nutrition promotion interventions might be overestimated if participants shift their proportionate food purchasing away from their usual stores. This study quantified whether participants who received price discounts on fruits and vegetables (FV) in the Supermarket Healthy Eating for Life (SHELf) randomized controlled trial (RCT) shifted their FV purc...

Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is characterized by swelling of orbital fat and extraocular muscles, but little attention has been given to differential involvement of fat and muscles. Advancements in imaging allow rather accurate measurements of orbital bony cavity volume (OV), fat volume (FV) and muscle volume (MV), and are the topics of this review. Ratios of FV/OV and MV/OV neutralize gender di...

A strategy for the proteolytic fragmentation of human IgM has been developed. This method is called "cold pepsin digestion" because of its unique feature of achieving restricted peptic cleavages at 4 degrees and pH 4.0. Cold pepsin digestion has been applied successfully to produce an Fv fragment from 14 human IgM proteins. The Fv fragment consists of the heavy chain variable domain (VH) and th...