BACKGROUND High rates of psychiatric comorbidity are subject of debate: To what extent do they depend on classification choices such as diagnostic thresholds? This paper investigates the influence of different thresholds on rates of comorbidity between major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). METHODS Point prevalence of comorbidity between MDD and GAD was measur...

Amygdalopetal cholinergic neurons in the ventral pallidum were identified by combining choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry with retrograde tracing of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following injections of the tracer in the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus. Although ChAT-positive terminals were identified in the ventral pallidum, they were never seen in contact with either immunone...

Neurological disorders associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies include stiff-person syndrome (SPS) and its variants — stiff trunk syndrome, stiff limbs syndrome, progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity, SPS-plus and paraneoplastic SPS — as well as epilepsy and ataxia1-8. These syndromes are often found in association with other autoimmune disorders, such as diabetes mel...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the risk of emergency cesarean deliveries (CDs) and adverse neonatal/maternal outcomes according to the planned gestational age at delivery (GAD) for elective CD. METHODS The study population consisted of term singleton pregnant women who were booked for elective CD and were subsequently delivered at term by CD, after excluding cases with a...

Knowledge of the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) predominantly derives from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, there may be unique or complex issues encountered in practice, but not necessarily in the context of a controlled clinical trial. Therefore, launching a systematic dialogue between researcher and practicing clinician can ...

We have used an antiserum to L-glutamic acid decarboxylase ((GAD), a synthesizing enzyme for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)) to localize putative GABAergic neurons in the developing C57BL/6J mouse retina. At early developmental stages (embryonic day 17 to postnatal day 3), strong GAD-like immunoreactivity is detectable in cell bodies located within the neuroblastic layer. These cells have relat...

Glutamate decarboxylase (glutamate 1-carboxylyase, EC 4.1.1.15, GAD)* IS the major, rate-limiting enzyme in brain for synthesizing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Total GAD activity in brain is 10-20 times greater than the observed rate of GABA synthesis (Collins, 1972; Matsui and Deguchi, 1977; Casu and Gale, 1981), indicating that GAD operates at only a fraction of its capacity. Although othe...

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) severely impacts social functioning, distress levels, and utilization of medical care compared with that of other major psychiatric disorders. Neither pharmacological nor psychotherapy interventions have adequately controlled cardinal symptoms of GAD: pervasive excessive anxiety and uncontrollable worry. Research has established cognitive behavioral therapy (C...

BACKGROUND The relationships between perfectionism, pathological worry and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) were investigated in a clinical sample presenting for treatment of perfectionism. METHOD This study explored the utility of perfectionism in predicting pathological worry in a sample of individuals with elevated perfectionism and GAD (n = 36). Following this, the study examined whethe...

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated neurotransmission from the granule cells to CA3 is transiently expressed during the first 3 weeks of age in the rat. In the adult, seizures provoke this inhibitory signaling to reappear. To gain insight into the origin of GABA in these cells, we explored the expression of both isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, 65 and 67 kDa), during developmen...