The location and functional role of histamine H4 receptors (H4Rs) in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) is reviewed, with particular reference to their involvement in the regulation of gastric acid secretion, gastric mucosal defense, intestinal motility and secretion, visceral sensitivity, inflammation, immunity and carcinogenesis. H4Rs have been detected in different cell types of the gut, includ...

Considerable knowledge has recently accumulated on the mechanism by which Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces chronic gastritis. Although H. pylori is not an invasive bacterium, soluble surface constituents can provoke pepsinogen release from gastric chief cells or trigger local inflammation in the underlying tissue. Urease appears to be one of the prime chemoattractants for recruitment and...

AIMS To determine if a clinically important polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltrate and surface gastric epithelial metaplasia occur in the second part of the duodenum in coeliac disease; to evaluate the utility of these morphological criteria in the differential diagnosis of coeliac disease and peptic duodenitis. METHODS 49 mucosal biopsy specimens of the second part of the duodenum reported a...

Citation Ge, Zhongming, Yang Feng, Sureshkumar Muthupalani, Laura B. Lemke, Mark T. Whary, and James G. Fox. "Attenuation of H. pylori-induced gastric pathology in C57BL/6 mice by co-infection with enterohepatic helicobacters is Helicobacter speciesdependent." In XXIII International Workshop on Helicobacter and Related Bacteria in Chronic Digestive Inflammation and Gastric Cancer [Abstracts], R...

Chronic inflammation has been implicated in the etiology of gastric cancer. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is one of the major end-products of the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway, an enzyme that is an important mediator of inflammation. Using a novel method of quantifying the primary urinary metabolite of PGE(2) (PGE-M; 11alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetranorprostane-1,20-dioic acid), we evaluated ur...

INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium, has co-existed with humans beings as a prominent member of their gastric microbiota for approximately 105 years (Moodley et al., 2012). It infects approximately half the world’s population, and most infected individuals are asymptomatic, but histologically exhibit superficial gastritis (The EUROGAST Study Group, 1993)...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Identifying specific gastric mucosal morphologic patterns useful for detecting Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis and correlation with histopathological severity. METHODS The endoscopists classified the C-NBI gastroscopic findings into 5 gastric mucosal morphologic patterns as follows: type 1: regular arrangement of collecting venules, type 2: cone-shaped gastric pits...

The Helicobacter pylori is associated with the development of different diseases. The clinical outcome of infection may be associated with the cagA bacterial genotype. The aim of this study was to determine the EPIYA patterns of strains isolated from patients with gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma and correlate these patterns with the histopathological features. Gastric biopsy samples were s...

The bone morphogenetic proteins, (BMP)s are regulatory peptides that have significant effects on the growth and differentiation of gastrointestinal tissues. In addition, the BMPs have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory actions in the gut and to negatively regulate the growth of gastric neoplasms. The role of BMP signaling in the regulation of gastric metaplasia, dysplasia and neoplasia has b...

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) participates in the formation of retinoic acid from retinol in various organs including the gastric mucosa. However, its clinical significance still remains to be clarified. In this study, we identified the ADH isoforms responsible for the retinoic acid formation among various ADH isoforms and examined associations among the ADH activities, the retinoic acid formatio...