Shortwave (SW) cloud feedback (SWFB) is the primary driver of uncertainty in effective climate sensitivity (ECS) predicted by global models (GCMs). ECS for several GCMs participating sixth assessment report exceed 5K, above fifth “likely” maximum (4.5K) due to extratropical SWFB's that are more positive than those simulated previous generation GCMs. Here we show across 57 Southern Ocean SWFB ca...

The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of the CMIP6 global circulation models (GCMs) varies from 1.83 {\deg}C to 5.67 {\deg}C. Herein, 38 GCMs are grouped into three ECS classes (low, 1.80-3.00 {\deg}C; medium, 3.01-4.50 high, 4.51-6.00 {\deg}C) and compared against ERA5-T2m records 1980-1990 2011-2021. We found that all with > 3.0 overestimate observed surface warming spatial t-statistics r...

The impact of soil moisture (SM) and precipitation coupling (SM-P-C) on the subsequent climate at daily to seasonal scales over Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a critical issue. In this study, spring SM summer (SSM-SP-C) were investigated using multi-reanalysis validated with 13 global models (GCMs) in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, its relationship wet bias GCMs was explored. results r...

Reducing systematic errors of state-of-the-art General Circulation Models (GCMs) will increase our confidence on the projection of future climate change and improve our forecast skills of present-day weather and climate variability. One systematic error of current GCMs is the failure to simulate a dominant tropical atmospheric variability: Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Through downscale and ...

Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) cyclohexenyl chalcone derivatives, 4-hydroxypanduratin A and panduratin A, showed good competitive inhibitory activities towards dengue 2 virus NS3 protease with the Ki values of 21 and 25 microM, respectively, whilst those of pinostrobin and cardamonin were observed to be non-competitive. NMR and GCMS spectroscopic data formed the basis of assignment of structures of ...