BACKGROUND Extended tunnelled roadways requiring ventilation via exhaust stacks are an increasingly common solution to traffic congestion around the world. In response to community concerns about adverse health effects associated with emissions from a new road tunnel exhaust stack, despite no demonstrable change in local ambient air quality, we conducted a cross sectional study to test for an a...

Gravity ventilators rely simply on air buoyancy to extract air and are widely used to exhaust air contaminants and heat from workplaces using minimal energy. They are designed to maximize the exhaust flow rate, but the rain penetration sometimes causes malfunctioning. In this study, the characteristics of rain penetration through a ventilator were examined as a preliminary study to develop a ve...

In high-rise building fire, a large amount of fresh air will be pressurized into the fire floor when smoke ventilation and prevention system is used. The fresh air dilutes the smoke, but it also reduces the efficiency of mechanical exhaust. The assumption that vertical composition smoke control model (air curtain combined with pressurization and exhaust fan) is put forward. The mathematic model...

Ammonia emissions were measured for six months at a modern 250,000-hen high-rise egg laying house using the chemiluminescence method along with multi-point extractive gas sampling. The ammonia analyzer was sequenced through twelve sampling locations including nine exhaust fans every two hours and calibrated at least weekly with certified calibration gases. Fan operation was monitored along with...

The paper devoted to indoor air quality providing in orthodox churches Russia. Using the results of theoretical and experimental research made some practical recommendations for design installation ventilation systems churches. Significant part deals with constructions humidity controls by reverse osmosis. It is reaffirmed that rate dehumidification directly connected exchange rates operation s...

1. The transport dynamics of expiratory droplets was modelled and verified against experimental data. 2. Droplet size distributions in air were measured. Small droplets (initial size ≤45 μm) were largely airborne. Large droplets (initial size ≥87.5 μm) settled quickly. 3. The transport characteristics of expiratory droplets were highly influenced by ventilation airflow patterns. The location of...

Environmental effects and hazards in combustion ....................................................................................... 1 Fire safety. Protection and remediation .................................................................................................... 2 Fire safety education .................................................................................................

On March 16, 1996, paramedics and fire department personnel were requested to evaluate complaints of illness among persons exposed to exhaust fumes in an indoor ice skating facility in Seattle. Indoor-air measurements detected elevated levels of carbon monoxide (CO), prompting evacuation of the building. An investigation of the cluster of CO poisonings related to the exposure was conducted Marc...

The goal of this project is to develop an technique to measure the PM produced by a two-stage wood based boiler in an inexpensive manner while still preserving high degree of accuracy. The general idea involved in the process involves sampling of the exhaust gas using a vacuum pump. A filter paper with a permeability of 2μm is used to capture PM2.5 present in the exhaust. The sampled data is me...

exposure would thus continue to contribute to the burden of cancer from DEE. Th ese results indicate that stringent occupational and particularly environmental standards for DEE should be set and compliance ensured to have an impact on health outcomes. In the occupational situation, in addition to lower emission and more effi cient engines, reduction in DEE can be achieved through: 1) engineeri...