OBJECTIVES This study sought to present evidence that short stature is a hemodynamic liability, which could explain in part the inverse relation between body height and cardiovascular risk. BACKGROUND Other explanations for the association of short stature with increased cardiovascular risk include advancing age, reduced pulmonary function, genetic factors, poor childhood nutrition and small-...

Children with reduced somatic growth may present various endocrinal diseases, especially growth hormone deficiency (GHD), idiopathic short stature (ISS), chromosomal aberrations, or genetic disorders. In an attempt to normalize the short stature, growth hormone (GH) is administered to these children. The aim of this literature review was to collect information about the craniofacial morphology ...