air pollution is a major concern of new civilized world, which has a serious toxicological impact on human health and the environment. it has a number of different emission sources, but motor vehicles and industrial processes contribute the major part of air pollution.according to the world health organization, six major air pollutants include particle pollution, ground?level ozone, carbon mono...

*Corresponding author: Dr. Enayatollah Kalantar, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. Telephone: 00988716131415, Fax: 00988716131415, Email:[email protected]. he report by Ghorbani et al., in their work “Alterations in antibiotic susceptibility of urinary tract infection pathogens” from Ahvaz is important and timely. Urinary tract infection (UTI) represent...

background: the airway surfaces are one of the most common ways of entry of infectious agents. oral cavity associated lymphoid tissues are inductive site of humoral immune responses in inflammatory and infectious disorders of the upper respiratory tract. these lymphoid tissues play important roles in the induction of salivary iga. the impact of upper respiratory tract diseases on salivary iga p...

Bazex syndrome, also known as Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica, is a paraneoplastic disorder characterized by erythematous psoriasiform plaques involving the nose, ears, and acral sites. Although classically associated with squamous cell carcinomas of upper aerodigestive tract, it has been reported in association adenocarcinoma, genitourinary tumors, multiple myeloma, rarely, peripheral T-cell lym...

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis that primarily affects small vessels. The disease typically the respiratory tract and kidneys but has also been known to involve gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary thyroid, liver. Cardiac involvement rare. Coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) are extremely uncommon finding, only 1 reported case in ad...

the link between allergic rhinitis and asthma is well known. bronchial hyperreactivity (bhr) may be present in rhinitis. the present study was aimed to compare airway responses in patients  with rhinitis symptoms alone following exercise challenge, and to  determine relationship of two different respiratory function tests. 98 subjects with rhinitis were investigated by spirometry and impulse os...

Multiple sclerosis is a common neurologic disorder that often affects the genitourinary system. One of the most common symptoms of multiple sclerosis is the hyperactive bladder. These patients will have symptoms that may affect their lifestyle, such as urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency. They may also suffer from debilitating urinary tract symptoms, such as frequent or recurrent urina...