1714 Cell Cycle volume 10 issue 11 Over the past decades it has become increasingly clear that the DnA damage response (DDR) plays a crucial role in the prevention of cancer. Our DnA is extremely vulnerable to genotoxic stress. Genotoxic insults commonly arise from within as well as from without the organism. From within, genotoxic stress can be imposed by toxic byproducts of cellular metabolis...

Previous uranium mining in the "Wismut" region in Germany enhanced environmental distribution of heavy metals and radionuclides. Carryover effects may now lead to contamination of locally produced foods. Compounds of "Wismut" origin are probably genotoxic via their irradiating components (radon) or by interacting directly with cellular macromolecules. To assess possible hazards, we investigated...

Piperine and capsaicin are important molecules with biological pharmacological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the cytogenotoxic protective effect of piperine on Allium cepa cells. A. roots were exposed negative (2% Dimethylsulfoxide) positive (Methylmethanesulfonate, MMS, 10 µg/mL) controls, four concentrations (25-200 µM) or (alone) associated before, simultaneously after MMS. Only l...

DNA damage elicits a cellular signaling response that initiates cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. The metabolic response to DNA damage is largely unknown. Here we report a novel metabolic response to genotoxic stress. DNA damage triggers a critical block in the uptake of glutamine, a mitochondrial substrate essential for cellular proliferation. Sirtuins regulate both cellular metabolism and str...

Recent studies have shown a critical function for the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in regulating the signalling network for DNA damage responses and DNA repair. To search for new UPS targets in the DNA damage signalling pathway, we have carried out a non-biased assay to identify fast-turnover proteins induced by various types of genotoxic stress. This endeavour led to the identification of...

UV radiations are well known cellular stressors. Following exposure to genotoxic factors the cells respond by molecular mechanisms aimed to repair the damages, block the proliferation or trigger cell death. Our study investigates how neuronal differentiation interferes with repair processes following UV-induced genotoxic stress, in a model of dopaminergic neurons (SH-SY5Y). Our work proved a hi...

Studies show that soy imparts many favorable properties in the human body, including the prevention of chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. Soy is rich in isoflavones, and it is a candidate for the chemoprevention of diseases owing to its low toxicity. In this study, a soy phytoestrogen (with high levels of the isoflavones genistin and daidzein) was tested...

Human faecal waters from 35 healthy non-smoking volunteers (23 from England and 12 from Sweden) consuming their habitual diet were screened for genotoxicity by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay using a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (CACO-2) as the target. Hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage was categorized as low, intermediate or high for tail moments greater than 5, 17 ...

This review document addresses the processes of DNA damage, repair and mutation as key steps on the pathway towards cancer development and also briefly describes the most common genotoxicity tests used in the evaluation of whether a compound is genotoxic or not. Knowledge that the carcinogen under evaluation is genotoxic or nongenotoxic is a vital stage of the risk assessment and influences the...

Hexavalent chromium (Cr [VI]) genotoxicity was studied using fish micronucleus analysis in peripheral blood erythrocytes from Pimephales promelas, the fathead minnow. Forty-five- to 60-d-old fish were used to assess the spontaneous level of genotoxic damage. The genotoxic effect of Cr (VI) obtained from potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in tests performed for 7-, 14-, and 21-d exposure periods was...