The use of new representation forms and interactive means to visualize geospatial data requires an understanding of the impact of the visual tools used for data exploration and knowledge construction. Use and usability assessment of implemented methods and tools is an important part of our efforts to build this understanding. Based on an approach to combine visual and computational methods for ...

This study analyzes the structure and composition of ant communities in citrus orchards in Catalonia (northeast Spain) and compares them with the ant fauna found in natural communities of the region. In the citrus orchards considered in this study, the most abundant species were Lasius niger and Pheidole pallidula, which are behaviorally dominant species. Two other dominant species, Linepithema...

This document specifies Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol options (both DHCPv4 and DHCPv6) for the coordinate-based geographic location of the client. The Location Configuration Information (LCI) includes Latitude, Longitude, and Altitude, with resolution or uncertainty indicators for each. Separate parameters indicate the reference datum for each of these values. This document obsoletes RFC ...

The Landscape Genetics GIS Toolbox contains tools that run in the Geographic Information System software, ArcGIS(®), to map genetic landscapes and to summarize multiple genetic landscapes as average and variance surfaces. These tools can be used to visualize the distribution of genetic diversity across geographic space and to study associations between patterns of genetic diversity and geograph...

Traditional box plots, described by Tukey in 1977, can be biased representations of geographic or spatial variables, since they do not take into account the areas associated with the elements of geographic variables. To help solve this problem, we propose and evaluate a spatially (areally) weighted box plot, a “geographic box plot,” that can be used to describe a wide variety of geographic vari...

7 Implementations of interactive parallel coordinate plots in geographic visualization systems are presented. The plots represent spatial and spatio-temporal data, and are linked to maps and 9 scatterplots. The interactive features of the parallel coordinate representations are discussed, with particular emphasis on their ability to facilitate geographic data exploration and understand11 ing. T...

A MANET is a self configuring infrastructure less networks. It is usually connected by wireless. Each device in a MANET is independently to move in any direction. To maintain neighbor position the geographic location coordinates of the node is a famous method used by most geographic routing protocol for the purpose of periodic broadcasting of beacon packets. If the location information is not a...

The Landscape Genetics GIS Toolbox contains tools that run in the Geographic Information System software, ArcGIS , to map genetic landscapes and to summarize multiple genetic landscapes as average and variance surfaces. These tools can be used to visualize the distribution of genetic diversity across geographic space and to study associations between patterns of genetic diversity and geographic...

In this article we propose a calculus of qualitative geographic coordinates which allows reasoning about cardinal directions on grid-based reference systems in maps. Grids in maps can be considered as absolute reference systems. The analysis reveals that the basic information coded in these reference systems is ordering information. Therefore, no metric information is required. We show that it ...