In this paper, a bespoke stress and temperature controlled direct shear apparatus to test soil-geosynthetics interfaces is introduced. By adopting the apparatus, series of ‘rapid loading’ tests creep were conducted on Clay – Geosynthetic Drainage layer (GDL) assess functionality apparatus. The experimental results indicate that, modified can allow deformation behaviour under environmental durin...

Abstract Although the construction of concrete piles has a relevant environmental footprint, they are commonly used to reduce settlements embankments on soft soil strata. A more sustainable choice further (and, consequently, number piles) is place geosynthetics below embankment. However, existing design methods cannot calculate at embankment top and be optimise in displacement-based design. In ...