Ethanol, one of the most widely used drugs in Western society, worsens obstructive sleep apnea in humans. No studies, however, have distinguished between two primary mechanisms that could mediate suppression of genioglossus (GG) activity with ethanol. We test the hypothesis that ethanol suppresses GG activity by effects at the hypoglossal motor pool and/or by state-dependent regulation of motor...

Glycoprotein G (gG) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been used as a prototype antigen for HSV-1 type-specific serodiagnosis, but data on the sequence variability of the gene coding for this protein in wild-type strains are lacking. In this study, direct DNA sequencing of the gG-1 genes from PCR products was performed with clinical HSV-1 isolates from 11 subjects as well as with strain...

Background and aims: Bacteroides vulgatus induces colitis in gnotobiotic HLAB27 transgenic (TG) rats while broad spectrum antibiotics prevent and treat colitis in specific pathogen free (SPF) TG rats although disease recurs after treatment ends. Lactobacilli treat human pouchitis and experimental colitis. We investigated if Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L GG) can prevent colitis in TG rats monoas...

The effect of dietary guar gum (GG, 7.5%) on lipid metabolism and on bile acid secretion and reabsorption was investigated in rats adapted to cholesterol-free or 0.3% cholesterol diets. Compared with controls (fiber-free/cholesterol-free), rats fed cholesterol had significantly elevated plasma and liver cholesterol and triglyceride. In these rats, GG had a potent plasma cholesterol-lowering eff...

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade various components of the extracellular matrix and functional polymorphisms in encoding genes may contribute to genetic susceptibility to many cancers. Up to now, associations between MMP-7 (-181A>G) and digestive system cancer risk have remained inconclusive. To better understand the role of the MMP-7 (-181A>G) genotype in digestive cancer development, ...

The current meta-analysis incorporating 15 case-control studies involving 4,138 cases and 4,269 controls was performed on the basis of a systematical search in electronic databases for a more precise estimation on the associations of three common polymorphisms -765 G>C (rs20417), -1195G>A (rs689466) and +8473 C>T (rs5275) in Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) gene with the susceptibility to bladder cance...

BACKGROUND The pathology of osteoarthritis (OA) is partly attributed to genetic factors; however, the role of ADAM12 polymorphism is still controversial. It is necessary to perform a meta-analysis to investigate this possible correlation. METHODS Case-control studies on the association between OA susceptibility and ADAM12 polymorphism were comprehensively collected by searching PubMed, Embase...

28 The genioglossus (GG) is considered the principle protrudor muscle of the human tongue. 29 Unlike most skeletal muscles, GG electromyographic (EMG) activities are robustly preserved in 30 sleep and thus may fulfill a critical role in preserving airway patency. Previous studies in human 31 subjects also confirm that the GG EMG increases in response to chemoreceptor and 32 mechanoreceptor stim...

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was assessed for its ability to alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice and activate epidermal growth factor receptor and Akt signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. In this study mice were treated with DSS to induce colitis and they were given Lactobacillus GG fermented milk to assess the effect of probiotic on colitis. Lactobacillus GG fermented milk significantly r...

The glycation gap (GG), the difference between measured glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1c) and Hb A1c predicted from fructosamine, has been used to quantify nonglycemic differences in formation of Hb A1c between individuals, but the technique is controversial (1 ). An increased GG in patients with diabetes has been associated with nephropathy diagnosed primarily by proteinuria (2– 4 ). The GG can...