We model the distribution of normalized interpoint distances (IDs) on the minimal spanning tree (MST) using multivariate beta vectors. We define overlapping sums of the components of a Dirichlet distribution to construct multivariate beta distributions. We also use a multivariate normal copula with beta marginals to define beta vectors. Based on the ordered IDs of the MST, we define a multivari...

Abbreviations: API, application program interface; C Gini coefficient; EMD, earth mover's distance; GINI, Positioning System; JSD, Jensen-Shannon divergence; KLD LA, Los Angeles; LBSN, location-based social network; MR New Orleans; NYC, New York City; POI, point(s) of intere ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (G. Mc 1 We use the term point of interest here to k...

This article reports on mean consumption, poverty (all three FGT measures) and inequality during 2004 for rural India using National Sample Survey (NSS) data for the 60th Round. Mean consumption at the national level is much higher than the poverty line. However, the Gini coefficient is higher than in recent earlier rounds. The headcount ratio is 22.9 per cent. Mean consumption, all three measu...

The dilemma which remained unsolved using Rao-Stirling diversity, namely of how variety and balance can be combined into “dual concept diversity” (Stirling, 1998, pp. 48f.) can be clarified by using Nijssen et al.’s (1998) argument that the Gini coefficient is a perfect indicator of balance. However, the Gini coefficient is not an indicator of variety; this latter term can be operationalized in...

Income inequality typically declines with the length of time taken into account for measurement. This note derives an exact analytical relationship between the accounting period and inequality as measured by the Gini index. The relationship is similar to the decomposition of the coefficient of variation. The methodology is illustrated with panel data on urban wages from Mexico. It is found that...

I report estimates for a fixed-effects model of country-level Gini coefficients as a function of economic freedom along with relevant control variables. Gini coefficients are drawn from the UNU/WIDER World Income Inequality Database Version 2.0a, while economic freedom is measured by the Fraser Institute’s Economic Freedom of the World index. Controls are included for per capita income, politic...

We propose simple modifications for the Kakwani tax progressivity measure that make it suitable for evaluating access inequality for medical services. Our modification is to measure inequality using the ratio of the concentration index to the Gini coefficient instead of the difference between them. We also propose a measure using the Gini coefficient or concentration index of consumption expend...