We investigate Global Index Grammars (GIGs), a grammar formalism that uses a stack of indices associated with productions and has restricted context-sensitive power. We discuss some of the structural descriptions that GIGs can generate compared with those generated by LIGs. We show also how GIGs can represent structural descriptions corresponding to HPSGs (Pollard and Sag, 1994) schemas.

A frequent criticism directed at many macroeconomic models, especially those with wage stickiness, concerns their inability to account for the procyclical pattern of real wages. This article offers a resolution of this problem by introducing productivity factors into the determination of sticky wages. This resolution makes the resulting model more consistent with standard microeconomic theory a...

Hypergraphs arise in a variety of applications and are commonly classiied as cyclic or acyclic. In this paper we develop a more reened classiication scheme for cyclic hypergraphs based on a natural decomposition strategy. The fundamental building blocks in our decompositions are subsets of edges known as k-hinges. For any hypergraph, a set of more than k of its edges is deened to be a k-hinge i...

It is often suggested that if all sound change were due to optimizations of functional principles (minimization of articulatory effort, minimization of perceptual confusion), then sound systems should have increasingly improved during the course of history, probably to the point that they should by now have reached a stable optimum. Since the facts show, however, that sound systems tend never t...

Oxytocin (OT) possesses uterotonic and galactopoietic properties. To the best of the knowledge, the relevant data regarding to the estrous cyclicity was scared. The present study investigates the chronic effect of low dose OT on estrous cyclicity in detail by using rodent model albino mice. Twelve immature female mice, Mus musculus weight 8±2g were divided into 2 groups as control (n=6) and tre...

Drosophila in flight show an unexpected cyclicity in gas exchange even at constant metabolic flux rates--perhaps because regular proboscis extensions assist in providing oxygen to the fly's brain.

We say that a digraph is essentially cyclic if its Laplacian spectrum is not completely real. The essential cyclicity implies the presence of directed cycles, but not vice versa. The problem of characterizing essential cyclicity in terms of graph topology is difficult and yet unsolved. Its solution is important for some applications of graph theory, including that in decentralized control. In t...

We review the properties of Global Index Grammars (GIGs), a grammar formalism that uses a stack of indices associated with productions and has restricted context-sensitive power. We show how the control of the derivation is performed and how this impacts in the descriptive power of this formalism both in the string languages and the structural descriptions that GIGs can generate. 1.