CONTEXT Prediabetes is a heterogeneous disorder classified on the basis of fasting glucose concentrations and 2-hour glucose tolerance. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the relative contributions of insulin secretion and action to the pathogenesis of isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). DESIGN The study consisted of an oral glucose tolerance test and a euglycemic clamp performed in tw...

The effects of long-term monotherapy with felodipine, a calcium antagonist, on blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and serum lipid profiles were prospectively investigated in 51 hypertensive patients: 13 with normal glucose tolerance and 38 with glucose intolerance. The levels of plasma glucose, serum lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c were determined before and during long-term (7.5 +/- 0....

Before having received any insulin, the serum insulin level was abnormally low in relation to the blood glucose level (Table). At the time of diagnosis some degree of insensitivity to insulin was suggested since injection of 2 units crystalline insulin intravenously (1 0 unit/kg) caused a less than 50% decrease in blood sugar concentration after 30 minutes. The necessity for insulin treatment f...

OBJECTIVE To verify what information from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) independently predicts mortality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,401 initially nondiabetic participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging aged 17-95 years underwent one or more OGTTs (median 2, range 1-8), with insulin and glucose measurements taken every 20 min over the course of 2 h include...

OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine insulin clearance, a compensatory mechanism to changes in insulin sensitivity, across sex, race/ethnicity populations, and varying states of glucose tolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured insulin sensitivity index (S(I)), acute insulin response (AIR), and metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose toleranc...

Although abnormal glucose tolerance is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, its relation to cancer risk is less certain. Therefore, the authors performed a prospective cohort study using data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Study to determine this relation. This analy...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance are at increased risk for cognitive impairment compared with individuals with normal glucose tolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Elderly Hispanic individuals (n = 414) and non-Hispanic white individuals (n = 469) aged > or =65 years, randomly selected from the Medicare rolls of Bernalillo ...

Glucose tolerance is determined by both insulin action and insulin-independent effects, or "glucose effectiveness," which includes glucose-mediated stimulation of glucose uptake (Rd) and suppression of hepatic glucose output (HGO). Despite its importance to tolerance, controversy surrounds accurate assessment of glucose effectiveness. Furthermore, the relative contributions of glucose's actions...

OBJECTIVES Impaired lung function and inflammation have both attracted interest as potentially novel risk factors for glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that circulating levels of surfactant protein (SP)-A, which reflects interstitial lung injury, could be associated with altered glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS C...

The total prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults aged 20-74 years was obtained from medical history and oral glucose tolerance tests. Plasma glucose distributions, associations with selected medical, genetic, and clinical characteristics, and comparisons with prevalence in the 1976 National Health Interview Survey are also presented.