We tested the hypothesis of Tamura (2011) [3] that molecules of tRNA gave origin to ribosomes, particularly to the Peptidyl Transferase Center (PTC) of the 23S ribosomal RNA. We reconstructed the ancestral sequences from all types of tRNA and compared them in their sequences with the current PTC of 23S ribosomal RNA from different organisms. We built an ancestral sequence of proto-tRNAs that sh...

M����� L.P-E., I����� S.V., A������� V.S., K������ E.N. (2004): Effect of atrazine on glutathione levels, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities in pea and wheat plants. Plant Protect. Sci., 40: 16–20. Changes were studied in the endogenous level of glutathione (total and oxidised), and in the amount of free thiol groups as caused by the herbicide atrazine on two species...

1. Blood lead and erythrocyte glutathione reductase (GSSG-R) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-D) activities were measured in normal subjects and in those with occupational exposure to lead. 2. With increasing blood lead concentration, GSSG-R activity increases and that of G6P-D decreases. 3. It is suggested that these changes represent part of a compensatory mechanism to overcome the ...

Intestinal glutathione S-transferase activities were measured during the GEEP Workshop in flounder Platichthys flesus collected from Langesundfjord, Norway. Though enzyme activities were generally higher in fish collected from 3 polluted sites by comparison with a reference site, the only significant differences in activities between the 3 sites ran counter to the anticipated pollution gradient...

A proximo-distal gradient of reduced glutathione (GSH), a non enzymatic antioxidant was observed in the original tails of the lizard, H. leschenaultii. In the regenerating tails, a gradual increase in the level of GSH was noted with tail elongation. In the newly regenerated tails also the level of GSH remained higher in the proximal part than the corresponding distal parts.

Reaction of [Pd(1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane)Cl(2)] with the oxidised form of the tripeptide glutathione ([gamma]-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine) in aqueous solution leads to reductive cleavage of the disulfide bond.

Bromochloromethane (BCM) is a volatile compound and a by-product of disinfection of water by chlorination. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are used in risk assessment applications. An updated PBPK model for BCM is generated and applied to hypotheses testing calibrated using vapor uptake data. The two different metabolic hypotheses examined are (1) a two-pathway model using b...

We demonstrate here the effective delivery of a dye payload into cells using 2-nm core gold nanoparticles, with release occurring via place exchange of glutathione onto the particle surface. In vitro experiments demonstrate effective release of drug analogues upon addition of glutathione. Cell culture experiments show rapid uptake of nanoparticle and effective release of payload. The role of gl...

Glutathione plays a key role in the liver in detoxification reactions and in regulating the thiol-disulfide status of the cell. Glutathione synthesis is regulated mainly by the availability of precursor cysteine and the concentration of glutathione itself which feeds back to regulate its own synthesis. Degradation of hepatic glutathione is principally regulated by the efflux of reduced and oxid...

Meldrum and Tarr (1) reported the presence in red cells of an enzyme that reduces oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Francoeur and Denstedt (2) studied the GSSG-reducing capacity of hemolysates and reported that the reduced forms of both diand triphosphopyridme nucleotide are active in this system. Beutler and Yeh (3) have recently described an 85-fold purification of this enzyme from human red cells...