OBJECTIVE Ischemic tissue is an environment with limited oxygen and nutrition availability. The poor retention of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in ischemic tissues greatly limits their therapeutic potential. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how inducible metabolic adaptation enhances MSC survival and therapy under ischemia. APPROACH AND RESULTS MSC were subjected to glycogen ...

Large amounts of glycogen accumulate in rat skeletal muscle fibers during the late fetal stages and are mobilized in the first postnatal days. This glycogen depletion is relatively slow in the immature leg muscles, in which extensive deposits are still found 24 hr after birth and, to some extent, persist until the 3rd day. In the more differentiated psoas muscle and especially in the diaphragm,...

Glycogen, a branched polymer of glucose, is a storage molecule whose accumulation is under rigorous nutritional control in many cells. We report the identification of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes, GLG1 and GLG2, whose products are implicated in the biogenesis of glycogen. These genes encode self-glucosylating proteins that in vitro can act as primers for the elongation reaction catalyzed ...

Glycogen synthase has been purified from the obliquely striated muscle of the swine parasite Ascaris suum. The muscle contains a concentration of glycogen synthase and glycogen which is 20-fold and 15-fold, respectively, greater than rabbit skeletal muscle. The enzyme could not be solubilized with salivary amylase, but partial solubilization was achieved by activation of endogenous phosphorylas...

Exercise induces an increase in GLUT4 in skeletal muscle with a proportional increase in glucose transport capacity. This adaptation results in enhanced glycogen accumulation, i.e., "supercompensation," in response to carbohydrate feeding after glycogen-depleting exercise. The increase in GLUT4 reverses within 40 h after exercise in carbohydrate-fed rats. The purpose of this study was to determ...

The hormonal regulation of glycogen synthase has been studied with isolated perfused hearts that were depleted of 85% of their endogenous glycogen. Glycogen depletion alone promoted a 3-fold activation of glycogen synthase and magnified by 3-fold the response to insulin. Glycogen depletion also facilitated the detection of epinephrine-promoted glycogen synthase inactivation. Hormonal effects on...

Glycogen in its particulate beta-form is localized in the sarcoplasm close to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Some particles are in close contact with the membranes, on the outer side of the vesicles. The mild technique of differential precipitation-centrifugation has been adapted to the preparation of glycogen from adult skeletal muscle. A preliminary low-speed centrifugation which eliminates the ...

The effect of moderate hyperleptinemia (∼20 ng/ml) on liver and skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism was examined in Wistar rats. Animals were studied ∼90 h after receiving recombinant adenoviruses encoding rat leptin (AdCMV-leptin) or β-galactosidase (AdCMV-βGal). Liver and skeletal muscle glycogen levels in the fed and fasted (18 h) states were similar in AdCMV-leptin- and AdCMV-βGal-treated r...

BACKGROUND Colonization of the female lower genital tract with Lactobacillus provides protection against STIs and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Growth of genital Lactobacillus is postulated to depend on epithelial cell-produced glycogen. However, the amount of cell-free glycogen in genital fluid available for utilization by Lactobacillus is not known. METHODS Eighty-five genital fluid samples f...

Myocardial glucose use is regulated by competing substrates and hormonal influences. However, the interactions of these effectors on the metabolism of exogenous glucose and glucose derived from endogenous glycogen are not completely understood. In order to determine changes in exogenous glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, and glycogen enrichment, hearts were perfused with glucose (5 mM) either a...