Retrosternal (intrathoracic) goiter has a prevalence of 4 to 20% of patients undergoing thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter. Although it is a condition affecting the older patient with a peak incidence in the sixth decade, the majority should be treated surgically. With few exceptions the operation can be safely accomplished through a cervical approach, only a small minority (approximately 2%...

background: the iodine deficiency elimination program that began two decades ago resulted in iran becoming an iodine deficiency disorders free country in the middle east region. the present study was performed to evaluate the adequacy of iodine supplementation after 17 years of universal salt iodization in fars province.   methods: in a cross-sectional study, 1200 schoolchildren (480 girls and ...

background: iodine deficiency disorders (idd) have been recognized as a major public health problem worldwide. consequences of idd include goiter, hypothyroidism, and intellectual disability followed by retarded growth and development of the brain. this report aimed to determine the state of idd in fars province, south of iran. methods: in this study, we gathered data from all scientific papers...

Objective: To find out the frequency and types of malignancy in patients treated surgically for nontoxicmultinodular goiter its correlation different age groups gender.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
 Place Duration Study: Department ENT, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Dec 2018 toDec 2019.
 Methodology: A total 116 operated nontoxic multinodular were included ...

Background: Pseudo-Pendred syndrome (PPS) is a genetic disorder inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder. PPS characterized by the presence of hypothyroid goiter combined with mild to moderate form SNHL, not presentable at birth, no obvious inner ear malformation. This major difference from Pendred in which SNHL congenital, severe profound nature, and associated malformation, mostly enlarge...

ENDEMIC GOITER. The Adaptation of Man to Iodine Deficiency. By John B. Stanbury, Gordon L. Brownell, Douglas S. Riggs, Hector Perinetti, Juan Itoiz, and Enrique B. Del Castillo. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1954. 209 pp. $4.00. This monograph reports the results obtained by the Andean Goiter Expedition, a joint project undertaken by Harvard Medical School, the University ...

INTRODUCTION Sri Lanka is endemic for goiters. Iodine deficiency is thought to be the main cause. The global iodisation programme was implemented in the country in 1995. Several studies done in school children have shown a reduction in the goiter prevalence (3.8%) in the initial post iodisation period. An island wide, community based study was carried out to study the prevalence of goiters. M...

BACKGROUND Spontaneous goiter hemorrhage is a rare entity that can lead to life-threatening respiratory compromise. Goiter hemorrhages are usually due to effects of anticoagulation or neoplastic processes. The hormonal effects of pregnancy may also lead to such life-threatening goiter hemorrhages in the immediate postpartum period. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who com...

Objective: This study aimed to summarize the experience in diagnosis and surgical treatment for giant goiter. Methods: The clinical features of 66 patients with giant goiter were retrospectively reviewed, and the perioperative management, postoperative complications and treatments were summarized. Results: All the patients received surgical treatment: total thyroidectomy in 46 patients, bilater...

the iodine content of the drinking water and its association with endemic goiter was investigated in the areas of mobarakeh, and najafabad, which are located in the province of isfahan. the school children between 6 and 18 years of age were examined to determine the prevalence of enlargement of the thyroid gland. thirty percent of the total.24.576 children in that age group were clinically exam...