the uncontrolled spread of illegal artisanal small-scale gold mining (asm), popularly termed “galamsey” in ghana, has, for decades, impacted adversely upon water bodies, soils, wildlife, human health, and safety. a lack of understanding, however, of the types of galamsey, their operational attributes, and their relative impacts has unfortunately hindered an effective policy response despite num...

Nowadays a circuit placement algorithm often faces a problem size of multi-million objects, with excessive fixed blockages. We present a new efficient quadratic placement algorithm that scales well to the large-scale circuit placement problems. Instead of adding spreading forces into the quadratic system to push cells away from congestions, we simulate the cell diffusion process and use dummy a...

Hydrothermal precipitates associated with active vents in the eastern Manus back-arc basin, Papua New Guinea, are among the most gold rich yet discovered on the modern sea floor. The volcanic rocks associated with this mineralization were investigated to determine if they are sufficiently enriched in gold to account for the gold content of the sulfides by simple leaching and to determine whethe...

Abstract Kamchatka is a peninsula located on the far eastern side of Russia and geologically active region within Pacific Ring Fire. Placer gold particles were obtained from stream in Yelizovsky District compared to regions at similar latitudes. Russian particle surface textures morphologies characterised optically using electron microscopy, bacteria occurring inferred detected amplicon sequenc...

The prevalence of HIV infection among men in a gold mining camp in the Amazon region of Guyana was 6.5%. This high percentage of HIV infection provides a reservoir for the virus in this region, warranting immediate public health intervention to curb its spread. As malaria is endemic in the Amazon Basin (>30,000 cases/year), the impact of coinfection may be substantial.

Artifacts of cold-hammered native gold have been discovered in a secure and undisturbed Terminal Archaic burial context at Jiskairumoko, a multicomponent Late Archaic-Early Formative period site in the southwestern Lake Titicaca basin, Peru. The burial dates to 3776 to 3690 carbon-14 years before the present (2155 to 1936 calendar years B.C.), making this the earliest worked gold recovered to d...

Most temperature predictions for deep geothermal applications rely on correcting bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) to undisturbed or static formation (SFTs). The data used BHT correction are usually of low quality due a lack information and poor documentation, the uncertainty corrected SFT is therefore unknown. It supposed that error within input exceeds different schemes. To verify this, we comb...