OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence, nature, severity and cause of training injuries sustained on new generation artificial turf and grass by male and female footballers. METHODS The National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System was used for a two-season (August to December) prospective study involving American college and university football teams (2005 season: men 52 te...

To quantify the effect of a reduction in nitrogen fertilizer on grass intake and animal performance, four zero-grazing experiments were carried out, two in spring /early summer and two in late summer. Grass was fertilized at three levels of N fertilizer, 450, 300 and 150 kg/ha per year and harvested daily at dry matter yields between 1500 and 2000 kg/ha. Grass was fed ad libitum to three groups...

The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) is an important species in freshwater aquaculture both in China and on a global scale. Variety degeneration and frequent diseases have limited the further development of grass carp aquaculture. Thus, new and improved varieties are required. Here, we identified and assessed the body weight and disease resistance in a random mating population of 19 ♀ × ...

This review focuses on the introduction and investigation of pangola grass as a tropical forage species especially in Thailand. Pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha Steud., synonym D. decumbens) is one of recent examples of grasses that have been successfully introduced to Southeast Asia and is often considered as one of the highest quality tropical grasses popularly grown as pasture. Pangola gras...

BACKGROUND Gut microbial composition is dependent on diet. Geese are herbivores and can digest crude fibre, but the relationship between composition of the microbiota and a fibre-rich diet in geese is not well understood. RESULTS Here, caecal and faecal samples were collected simultaneously from all-grass-fed geese and high-grain-fed geese and the hypervariable V3-V4 regions of the bacterial ...

Recent models suggest that herbivores optimize nutrient intake by selecting patches of low to intermediate vegetation biomass. We assessed the application of this hypothesis to plains bison (Bison bison) in an experimental grassland managed with fire by estimating daily rates of nutrient intake in relation to grass biomass and by measuring patch selection in experimental watersheds in which gra...

For some years the Seed-Testing Laboratories of the Bureau of Plant Industry has been using daily alternating temperatures for the germination of certain seeds. In these alternations the lower temperature is used about 18 hours and the higher temperature about 6 hours of the day. Alternating temperatures are found especially favorable for the germination of the seeds of certain grasses: Johnson...

Differentiating C3 and C4 grass pollen in the paleorecord is difficult because of their morphological similarity. Using a spooling wire microcombustion device interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, Single Pollen Isotope Ratio AnaLysis (SPIRAL) enables classification of grass pollen as C3 or C4 based upon d C values. To address several limitations of this novel technique, we expande...

BACKGROUND Grass pollens are significant elicitors of IgE-mediated allergic disease in the world and timothy (Phleum pratense) is one of the most important pollens of the family. Molecular and biochemical characterization of Phleum pratense has revealed several allergen components: rPhl p 1 and rPhl p 5 have been shown to be "Species Specific Allergens", while the profilin rPhl p 12 and the cal...