A general method of regularisation of classical self interaction in strings is extended from the electromagnetic case (for which it was originally developed) to the gravitation case, for which the result can also be represented as a renormalisation.

In the context of the fact that the existence of dark energy causing the accelerated expansion of the universe has been confirmed by the WMAP and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we reexamine gravitation itself, starting with the formulation of Sakharov and show that it is possible to obtain gravitation in terms of the electromagnetic charge of elementary particles, once the ZPF and its effects at...

Gunnar Nordström constructed the first relativistic theory of gravitation formulated in terms of interactions with a scalar field. It was an important precursor to Einstein’s general theory of relativity a couple of years later. He was also the first to introduce an extra dimension to our spacetime so that gravitation would be just an aspect of electromagnetic interactions in five dimensions. H...

This essay argues that when measurement processes involve energies of the order of the Planck scale, the fundamental assumption of locality may no longer be a good approximation. Idealized position measurements of two distinguishable spin-0 particles are considered. The measurements alter the space-time metric in a fundamental manner governed by the commutation relations [xi pj] = ih̄ δij and th...

A covariant theory of gravitation in flat space-time is stated and compared with general relativity. The results of the theory of gravitation in flat space-time and of general relativity agree for weak gravitational fields to low approximations. For strong fields the results of the two theories deviate from one another. Flat space-time theory of gravitation gives under some natural assumptions ...

The late-time accelerated expansion of the universe is a major challenge for cosmology. It may well be that a solution to this problem will require a theory of gravitation beyond General Relativity. It is emphasized that precision cosmology will strongly constrain the possibilities by using observational data probing the background as well as the inhomogeneities.

The technique of replica casting of ceramic materials and the various methods of mounting and examination are described. Co-ordination of optical properties of the peels and X-ray analysis is considered. The uses of peels in showing orientation of clays settled under gravitation and also effects of plastic deformation are discussed.

This paper emphasizes certain little known aspects of Einstein's general theory of relativity. Although these features are of minor theoretical importance, their understanding and use can lead to the generation and control of gravitational forces. Three distinctly different nonNewtonian gravitational forces are described. The research areas which might lead to methods for the control of gravita...

It is shown that strings result naturally from considerations of gravitation. First, a Lorentz-covariant field formulation of gravitation in flat spacetime is developed. The requirement of covariance and the existence of a potential leads to an essentially unique theory based upon a symmetric, traceless, two-index tensor. The gravitational field possesses gauge invariance described by a second-...