PURPOSE To evaluate intra- and interobserver reliability of the gray scale/dynamic range of the phantom image evaluation of ultrasonography using a standardized phantom, and to assess the effect of interactive education on the reliability. METHODS Three radiologists (a resident, and two board-certified radiologists with 2 and 7 years of experience in evaluating ultrasound phantom images) perf...

In this paper a way of hiding text message (Steganography) in the gray image has been presented. In this method tried to find binary value of each character of text message and then in the next stage, tried to find dark places of gray image (black) by converting the original image to binary image for labeling each object of image by considering on 8 connectivity. Then these images have been con...

conclusion gray scale sonography in combination with doppler sonography could be a trustworthy technique in differentiating metastatic lymph nodes from reactive ones. although, circulation pattern had a higher diagnostic accuracy in the present study, combination of sonographic characteristics could be more beneficial in differentiating metastatic cervical nodes from reactive ones. results the ...

because of superficial location and not being covered by boney structure, thyroid is the ideal organ for 2-dimensional gray scale ultrasonography. availability of relatively low cost equipment and ever increasing number of endocrinologists with expertise in thyroid ultrasound has made it an integral part of thyroid practice in the office of endocrinologists. in particular, the current recommend...

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that internet addiction disorder (IAD) is associated with structural abnormalities in brain gray matter. However, few studies have investigated the effects of internet addiction on the microstructural integrity of major neuronal fiber pathways, and almost no studies have assessed the microstructural changes with the duration of internet addiction. METHODOLOGY...

A new authentication method based on the secret sharing technique along with a data repairing capability for gray scale document images via the use of PNG (portable network graphics) is proposed. An authentication signal is generated for every and each block of a gray-scale document image, which, in conjunction with the binarized block content, is remodeled into many shares exploitation the Sha...

Solutions to the energy-independent (gray) radiative transfer equations are compared to results of Monte Carlo simulations of the Ni and Co radioactive decay -ray energy deposition in supernovae. The comparison shows that an e ective, purely absorptive, gray opacity, (0:06 0:01)Ye cm 2 g , where Ye is the total number of electrons per baryon, accurately describes the interaction of -rays with t...

detection of lymph nodes (lns) involvement by various pathological processes has great therapeutic and prognostic implications. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and accuracy of triplex sonography (gray scale, color mapping and spectral doppler) in differentiating benign from malignant cervical lns. we used triplex sonography to evaluate 120 lns in 50 patients. the gray s...

Data on early markers for acute kidney injury (AKI) after noncardiovascular surgery are still limited. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of plasma neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL) and intraoperative diuresis for AKI in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery treated within a goal-directed hemodynamic algorithm.This study is a post-hoc analysis of a randomi...