Registered in 2001, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has quickly become a mainstay of first line regimens for the treatment of HIV. Initially only available in developed countries at a cost of US$5 000 per person per year (ppy), Gilead's Access Programme (GAP) has extended the use of the product to 2.4 million patients in low and middle income countries. The programme has two components: dis...

to measure an unbiased farm-specific efficiency of individual dairy farmers, a shadow-price profit frontier adjusted for market distortion was applied to a sample of 860 iranian small intensive dairy farms surveyed in 2005-2006. this measure was then compared with that of unadjusted measure that assumes undistorted market. a multiple general linear model (glm) technique was applied to the data ...

The paper analyzes the practice of leading banks in Europe related to compensation top managers during COVID - 19 pandemic and determination their relationship with achieved performance banks. aims examine whether managers' was bank's as well give recommendations rewarding crises, based on good European pandemic. By applying correlation regression analysis methods, a sample 50 123 managers, we ...

During the operation, a tremendous amount of heat is generated in the coal based sponge iron plant and a significant part of this heat associated with the waste gas, remains unutilized. While utilizing this heat in the process the energy demand of the process may be reduced, which decreases the coal consumption, which is the only source of energy for this plant. To utilize the heat associated w...

This paper analyzes the effects of mergers around the world over the past 15 years. We utilize a large panel of data on mergers to test several hypotheses about mergers. The effects of the mergers are examined by comparing the performance of the merging firms with control groups of nonmerging firms. The comparisons are made on profitability and sales. The results show that mergers on average do...

AIM To perform SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis of a clinical laboratory as an economic model that may be used to improve business performance of laboratories by removing weaknesses, minimizing threats, and using external opportunities and internal strengths. METHODS Impact of possible threats to and weaknesses of the Clinical Laboratory at Našice General Coun...

Background The engagement of private practitioners in the public-private mix of tuberculosis (TB) management started in 2007 in Lagos State Nigeria. This study compared the treatment outcomes of patients managed at private for profit (PFP) and private not for profit (PNFP) directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) facilities. Methods A retrospective review of treatment cards of TB patie...

Recent empirical research in banking has found substantial but unexplained differences among bank’s costs and profits, indicating that the industry is not in long-run equilibrium. In this paper, three factors are hypothesized as the source of this out-of-equilibrium behavior: (i) variations in banks’ abilities to match capacity and demand; (ii) variations in risk management; and (iii) variation...

In 2013, around 121 billion US-Dollar have been spend worldwide to promote the investment into renewable energy sources. The most prominent support scheme employed is a feed-in tariff, which guarantees a fixed price for electricity produced by renewable energies sources, usually for around 15 years after the installation of the plant. We study the incidence of wind turbine subsidies due to a fe...

In this paper, we provide further insight into the stock return momentum phenomena by investigating the sources of momentum profits. Applying statistical factor analysis, we identify the most important variables significantly affecting momentum profits: volatility and changes in the currency component of M1. We also document the periodic dynamics of momentum returns that is their inflation at q...