The provision of water supply and sanitation services to the developing and water scarce areas of South Africa is one of the goals of the Reconstruction and Development Programme. One of the principles of the South African National Sanitation Policy stipulates that sanitation systems which have unacceptable impacts on the environment cannot be considered to be an adequate form of sanitation. Th...

background: groundwater nitrate pollution is an important environmental problem in water resources management. in this regard, specific measures aiming at prevention of water pollution will be helpful to managers and decision-makers. identification of aquifers’ vulnerable areas and determination of groundwater protection zones using most widely used models, such as drastic and cd, are one of th...

BACKGROUND Hazardous waste sites are major environmental concerns, but few studies have quantified their expected utility loss on health. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the health impact of groundwater pollution by an electronics manufacturing factory, we conducted a health risk assessment based on expected utility loss from liver cancer. METHODS Based on measurements of major pollutants, we estima...

for more than half a century isotopes have been employed as a powerful tool in studying various aspects of water resources in a largenumber of countries. however, in developing countries like iran the application of such techniques is in its infancy. the first research iniran was carried out in 1975 to identify the source of saline groundwaters in south iran, and the first national conference o...

At the European scale, nitrate concentration is the most important parameter that determines groundwater quality. Since in most cases nitrate input into the aquifer is a non-point source pollution problem, measures to reduce nitrate leaching have to be designed on the aquifer scale. In this context we have coupled the unsaturated, vertical soil water and nitrogen transport model SIMWASER/STOTRA...

Water has an important role in creating pollution problems in the mining regimes influencing the surrounding surface environment. The purpose of this study is to make an assessment of groundwater quality in an underground mine site in Portugal with a view of determining the pollution potential of groundwater. In the corresponding surface area of this underground mine, intersec...

The changes in human population often correspond with change in land use, including expansion of urban areas, agriculture and increasing industrialization, which necessitate increasing the available amount of drinking water. As the surface water sources are under the pressure of pollution, it has become necessary to use groundwater at an increasing rate. Groundwater recharge can be abundant in ...

in this paper the risk of heavy metals discharged from the acidic sludge leachate into groundwater in a landfill located in fajr industrial area )garmsar( has been assessed using iwem software. acidic sludge as one of the industrial hazardous wastes is produced during purification of used oil with mienken )acidic( method. the concentrations of heavy metals )cd, ni, co, pb, zn, mn, cu( in the ac...

For more than half a century isotopes have been employed as a powerful tool in studying various aspects of water resources in a largenumber of countries. However, in developing countries like Iran the application of such techniques is in its infancy. The first research inIran was carried out in 1975 to identify the source of saline groundwaters in south Iran, and the first national conference o...