Introduction: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Chlorogenic Acid (CA) and Diazepam (DZP) on epileptic complication that induced by repetitive intra-peritoneal injections of Pentylenetetrazle (PTZ) in aged rats.   Methods: Twenty-four month-old male Wistar rats (age > 12 months, 300-350 g) were divided in 4 experimental groups. Animal in control group (PTZ + Vehicle) re...

Introduction: A relationship between epileptic seizures and brain tissue oxidative damage has been suggested. Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) has been shown to have beneficial effects including hypnotic and protective against tissue oxidative damage. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of O. basilicum hydro-alcoholic extract on oxidative damage of brain tissue following s...

Background Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic error, characterized by Branched Chain α-Keto-acid Dehydrogenase Complex (BCKDC) deficiency. Mutations in 3 genes can lead to abnormal metabolism and accumulation of leucine, isoleucine, valine and corresponding keto-acids. MSUD affects 1 in 185,000 infants globally. Seizure is a common presentation among neonat...

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is an idiopathic, age-related generalized epileptic syndrome. Status epilepticus (SE) in JME is very rare, and little is known about its etiology. We report 2 cases of adult patients, retrospectively diagnosed as JME by non convulsive status epilepticus which occurred for the first time. One patient was a 52-year-old woman who was presented with confusion and b...

Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent of the biguanide class, and glimepiride sulfonylurea class frequently used to treat Type-II diabetes mellitus. Under certain conditions, overdose or long-term use metformin can cause lactic acidosis hypoglycemia. severe hypoglycemia in absence other anti-diabetic drugs. Potential mechanisms metformin-induced include decreased hepatic glucose production, a...

Cardiac rhythm abnormalities in the context of epilepsy are a well-known phenomenon. However, they are under-recognized and often missed. The pathophysiology of these events is unclear. Bradycardia and asystole are preceded by seizure onset suggesting ictal propagation into the cortex impacting cardiac autonomic function, and the insula and amygdala being possible culprits. Sudden unexpected de...

Background: In 2017, the international league against epilepsy (ILAE) classification of epilepsies described “genetic generalized epilepsies”, which contained “idiopathic epilepsies”. This study delineates four syndromes comprising IGEs: childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic (JME), and with tonic-clonic seizures alone (GTCA). JME patients usually present seizures, GTCA GTCS only after ...

Fits, faints and funny turns represent a common reason for presentation – either to the general practitioner or to the emergency department. In many cases, the consultation is dissatisfying for the doctor and the patient, as such patients frequently present a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. Frequently, the key to a satisfactory evaluation is a structured approach, premised on a clear and ...

permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare variety of cere-brovascular disease that can occur at any age and generally has a favorable outcome. However, poor outcome in CVT has been documented. 1 It is caused by a wide range of etiologies, polycy-themia is one amo...

RATIONALE: Felbamate (FBM) use has declined since 1994 following reports of FBM induced aplastic anemia and liver failure. Limited published data is available on the clinical experience of FBM use since 1994. We previously presented a preliminary report on a limited sample of adult patients treated at Minnesota Epilepsy Group. The current study significantly expands our observations on Felbamat...