Climate negotiations occur against the backdrop of increasing collective risk: each failure to agree on how to share the costs of climate change mitigation increases the odds of significant economic loss for the negotiating parties. Nonetheless, no existing climate bargaining model includes this characteristic feature. We introduce a novel bargaining game that incorporates collective risk, and ...

In the past few years secure messaging has become mainstream, with over a billion active users of end-to-end encryption protocols through apps such as WhatsApp, Signal, Facebook Messenger, Google Allo, Wire and many more. While these users’ two-party communications now enjoy very strong security guarantees, it turns out that many of these apps provide, without notifying the users, a weaker prop...

A central claim of democratic theory is that democracy induces governments to be responsive to the preferences of the people. Political parties organize politics in every modern democracy, and some observers claim that parties are what induce democracies to be responsive. Yet, according to others, parties give voice to extremists and reduce the responsiveness of governments to the citizenry. Th...

School Operational Assistance (SOA) Fund is one of the educational funds in Indonesia. Based on APBN Financial Note, management SOA fund still not optimal, and there are many misuses by various parties. Therefore, it necessary to apply good governance principles fund. This study aims analyze effectiveness fund, which influenced governance, namely transparency, accountability, participation, res...

Ethics in the pharmaceutical industry: acceptance of responsibility or a facet of marketing? 7 Increases in knowledge and growing specialization in the fields of medicine and pharmaceuticals have accentuated a situation in which the patient is as a rule not capable of selecting the medicines most suited to his needs. The patient is obliged to consult a health professional, in whose hands he pla...

BACKGROUND High rates of sexual risk behaviours are being reported among HIV-positive MSM which raises the question about the ideas of sexual responsibility that exist in this population to prevent the transmission and/or re-infection of HIV and other STIs. This study sought to understand the discourses on sexual care and responsibility in men living with HIV who have sex with men. METHODS A ...

Abstract In practice, there are numerous settings where mutually distrusting parties need to perform distributed computations on their private inputs. For instance, participants in a first-price sealed-bid online auction do not want bids be disclosed. This problem can addressed using secure multi-party computation (MPC), evaluate publicly known function inputs by executing specific protocol tha...

nuclear facilities, though have large advantages for human being, they also creates heavy hazards. thus, the question of civil liability resulted from events of mentioned facilities are so significant. this paper studies the question of the basis and the responsible for compensation resulted from aforementioned events in international instruments, iran and french law. outcome of this study show...