Session types provide static guarantees that concurrent programs respect communication protocols. We give a novel account of recursive session types in the context of GV, a small concurrent extension of the linear λ-calculus. We extend GV with recursive types and catamorphisms, following the initial algebra semantics of recursion, and show that doing so naturally gives rise to recursive session...

OBJECTIVE In vitro data indicate that human LDL modified by Group V secretory phospholipase A(2) (GV sPLA(2)) is proatherogenic. Consistent with this, gain and loss of function studies demonstrated that GV sPLA(2) promotes atherosclerosis in LDLR(-/-) mice. The current study investigates whether GV sPLA(2) promotes atherosclerotic processes in apoE(-/-) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS LDL (d=1.019 ...

The diagnosis of myocarditis traditionally relies on invasive endomyocardial biopsy but none of the imaging studies so far are specific for infiltration of the inflammatory cells itself. We synthesized 68Ga-2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) mannosylated human serum albumin (MSA) by conjugating human serum albumin with mannose, followed by conjugation...

Synucleinopathies, neurodegenerative disorders with alpha-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation, are the second leading cause of neurodegeneration in the elderly, however no effective disease-modifying alternatives exist for these diseases. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal synucleinopathy characterized by the accumulation of toxic aggregates of α-syn within oligodendroglial cells, leading to d...

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between dysphagia and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA), and to characterize dysphagia in patients with the cerebellar (MSA-C) and parkinsonian (MSA-P) types. Methods: Sixty-one MSA patients (25 males, 36 females; 40 MSA-C, 21 MSA-P; mean age, 66.3 ± 11.0) were recruited. ADL was assessed on th...

PURPOSE Gentian violet (GV) is an antimicrobial and antifungal agent that has been used widely to treat intractable discharge in the ear. The purpose of this report is to warn clinicians about the ototoxic effect of GV in the middle ear. MATERIALS AND METHODS GV ototoxicity was evaluated by measuring compound action potentials (CAPs) in the VIIIth nerve in adult Hartley guinea pigs. The middl...

OBJECTIVE Recent evidence suggests that the factor structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) is better explained by a five-factor model rather than the four-factor model in the standardization sample. The current study examined the WISC-IV's factor structure in a sample of children with ADHD. METHOD Participants included 314 children and adolescents wh...

Bovine oocytes cultured in control medium or in medium containing dibutyrylcyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) or an inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, IBMX) undergo germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). On the other hand, mouse oocytes remain arrested at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage when dbcAMP or IBMX is present. When 1 bovine GV stage oocyte is...

The Graffi murine leukemia virus (MuLV) was isolated in 1954 by Arnold Graffi, who characterized it as a myeloid leukemia-inducing retrovirus. He and his team, however, soon observed the intriguing phenomenon of hematological diversification, which corresponded to a decrease of myeloid leukemias and an increase of other types of leukemias. Recently, we derived two different molecular clones cor...

Neonatal injections of Friend virus (FV) or Gross virus (GV) into rats produced immunological tolerance to the virus-induced tumors. The inoculation of specific immune lymphoid cells into the FV-induced tolerant rats brought about the runting syndrome, whereas the GV-induced tolerance was completely abrogated by the same procedure. To investigate the mechanism of the runting syndrome, rats were...