We review theoretical explanations for in-kind transfers in light of the limited empirical evidence. After reviewing the traditional paternalistic arguments, we consider explanations based on imperfect information and self-targeting. We then discuss the large literature on in-kind programs as a way of improving the efficiency of the tax system and a range of other possible explanations includin...

From the first analysis of immuneprecipitation followed by Western Blotting (WB) Corin and TLP seem to precipitate at the same height ( approximately 50KDa) and are recognized by the same antibodies. In parallel we are improving the tests of immunoprecipitation by the use of cell extracts derived from lung cancer cells A549 and NCI-H23 with the aim to be able of obtaining a precipitate containi...

This paper analyzes optimal and non-optimal regulation of environmental externalities with investment in technology and uncertainty about the severity of environmental damages. Investment creates the potential for technology spillovers so that optimal regulation must address externalities from both emissions and investment. Despite these multiple externalities and uncertainty, we show that an o...

Recent studies on the so-called double dividend hypothesis find that environmental tax swaps exacerbate the costs of the tax system and therefore do not produce a double dividend. We extend these models by incorporating a fixed-factor in the production of the polluting good and, therefore, allowing Ricardian rents to be generated in the economy. In this setting, an environmental tax reform with...

The SRB assay was used for screening the extracts of Woodfordia fruticosa for in vitro cytotoxicity against six human cancer cell lines viz., lung cancer cells (A-549, NCI-H23), colon cancer cells (COLO-205, SW-620), liver cancer cells (HEP-2) and neuroblastoma cancer cells (SK-N-MC). Results demonstrated that the ethanolic extract from the flowers of the plant showed in vitro cytotoxicity agai...

Aberrant Ras pathway functions contribute to the malignant phenotype of lung cancers. Inhibitors of Ras might therefore be considered as potential drugs for lung cancer therapy. Here, we show that the Ras inhibitor farnesylthiosalicylic acid (salirasib) inhibits proliferation of human lung cancer cells harboring a mutated K-ras gene (A549, H23, or HTB54) or overexpressing a growth factor recept...

The 2008-09 crisis has shown that some euro area member countries were unable to sufficiently stabilize their economies which has given rise to a debate about deeper fiscal integration in Europe. In this paper, we analyze the redistributive and stabilizing effects of two scenarios of fiscal integration in the Eurozone, namely the introduction of i) a joint tax and transfer system that replaces ...

Schooling and Citizenship: Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Reforms This paper examines whether schooling has a positive impact on individual's political interest, voting turnout, democratic values, political involvement and political group membership, using the German General Social Survey (ALLBUS). Between 1949 and 1969 the number of compulsory years of schooling was increased from eight to...

Price-based interventions can be corrective where users extract from a common resource, but may also impact existing social norms, often crowding them out. In contrast, I find a pumping tax implemented by a group of irrigators in Southern Colorado effectively crowded-in pro-conservation norms, enhancing the financial incentive’s impact. Using a unique, spatially oriented panel-data set of groun...

International markets for tradable emission permits (TEP) co-exist with national energy taxation. A firm trading emission permits in the international market also pays energy taxes in its host country, thus creating an interaction between the international TEP-market and national energy taxes. In this paper we model that interaction in a framework of a perfectly competitive international TEP-ma...