We examined the associations of high-dose supplements of vitamins C and E and low-dose multivitamins with the risk of age-related cataract among 31,120 Swedish men, aged 45-79 years, in a population-based prospective cohort. Dietary supplement use was assessed from a questionnaire at baseline in 1998. During follow-up (January 1998-December 2006), 2,963 incident age-related cataract cases were ...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To analyze the association between higher body mass index and waist circumference, and the prognostic values of both indicators in total and cardiac mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. METHODS The study included 2254 patients who were followed up for 4 years. Obesity was classified as a body mass index ≥30 and overweight as a body mass index of 25.0-2...

AIM To investigate whether the effect of occupational grade on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) is mediated by income with different aspects of income taken into account. METHODS Data were used from three prospective population studies conducted in Copenhagen. A total of 16 665 employees, 43% women, aged 20-75 years, with an initial examination between 1974 and 1992 were followed up unt...

Current guidelines based on cross-sectional statistical parameters derived from reference populations make equivocal recommendations for the optimal schedule of home blood pressure (BP) measurement. The objective of this study was to determine a schedule for home BP measurements in relation to their predictive value for total cardiovascular risk. Home BP was measured twice every morning and eve...

OBJECTIVE Depression is a major cause of disability in working populations and the reduction of socioeconomic inequalities in disability is an important public health challenge. We examined work disability due to depression with four indicators of socioeconomic status. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 125 355 Finnish public sector employees was linked to national register data on work di...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hemoglobin variability is common among dialysis patients, and has been associated with increased mortality. The causal nature of this association has been difficult to ascertain because of potential time-dependent confounding, for which traditional statistical methods do not control. DESIGN, SETTINGS, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS A retrospective cohort of 34,963 Fres...

RESULTS. If either of the parents had asthma, the risk of the child developing asthma was significantly increased throughout the study period: thematernal asthma hazard ratio (HR) was 1.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36– 2.69), and the paternal asthma HR was 2.01 (95% CI: 1.37–2.96). The risk was higher still if both parents had asthma (HR: 3.83 [95% CI: 2.03–7.24]). Siblings conveyed a st...

BACKGROUND Self-perception of uselessness is associated with increased mortality risk in older adults. However, it is unknown whether and to what extent changes in perceived uselessness are associated with mortality risk. METHODS Using four waves of national longitudinal data of older adults from China (2005, 2008, 2011, and 2014), this study examines the association between changes in percei...

A common objective of biomedical cohort studies is assessing the effect of a time-varying treatment or exposure on a survival time. In the presence of time-varying confounders, marginal structural models fit using inverse probability weighting can be employed to obtain a consistent and asymptotically normal estimator of the causal effect of a time-varying treatment. This article considers estim...

In epidemiologic studies, measurement error in dietary variables often attenuates association between dietary intake and disease occurrence. To adjust for the attenuation caused by error in dietary intake, regression calibration is commonly used. To apply regression calibration, unbiased reference measurements are required. Short-term reference measurements for foods that are not consumed daily...