The efficacy of the contraceptive methods is high, and effect mainly due to progestogen, since it promotes inhibition ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, reduction in tubal motility. Therefore, one must reflect on role estrogen – time abandon it? In this paper, we discuss progestogen contraception, bleeding profile non-contraceptive benefits.

BACKGROUND In the latest report of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2011, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was estimated at 676/100,000 live births, with total fertility rate at 4.8 and contraceptive prevalence rate at 29 %. Knowledge and utilization of long acting contraceptive in the Tigray region are low. This study aims at comparing and identifying factors related to the uti...

BACKGROUND Awareness of emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) associated with an intention to use other contraceptive methods has rarely been investigated. This study compared the ECP awareness of males and females and its associations with intention to use four other contraceptive methods (condoms, oral contraceptive pills, and withdrawal and rhythm methods) in unmarried university students in K...

Paper Presentation Objective I ntimate partner violence is a significant public health issue, with approximately 25% of women reporting lifetime violence. Intimate partner violence has been associated with unintended pregnancy, possibly due to partner coercion or interference with contraceptive. The specific aim of this study was to describe the association between intimate partner violence and...

Serum erythropoietin (EPO) concentration was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 31 cases of chronic renal failure (CRF), including 20 hemodialysis (HD) patients, and compared with that of 31 healthy normal controls. Each patient served as a self-control comparing his or her pretreatment level with post-treatment values. There was a significant negative correlation ...

Natural killer (NK) activity against K-562 myeloid cell line was evaluated in 21 spleens and 14 lymph nodes from patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD). NK activity of eight HD-involved (HD+) spleens [556 lytic units (LU)] was found 5-fold higher than that of 13 HD-uninvolved (HD-) spleens (112 LU) (p less than 0.01). Moreover, NK activity of HD+ spleens was significantly different (p less than 0...

This study aimed to identify the relationships of college students’ contraceptive practice with their sexual knowledge, sexual attitude, and optimistic bias of venereal disease, and to identify the influencing factors on it. 148 students in a university participated in the study. Contraceptive practice showed positive correlations with sexual knowledge, pleasurable sexual attitude, and responsi...

OBJECTIVES Data suggest that adolescents in the United States receive inadequate contraceptive counseling. This study sought to determine factors affecting pediatricians' discussion of contraception with adolescent patients, with a specific focus on long-acting reversible contraception-implantable contraception and intrauterine devices. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was sent via email to a...