....................................................... 3 Drivers for Ethernet in the metropolitan network ..................... 4 Introduction to GFP ..................................... 5 Frame mapped GFP .......................................... 5 Transparent mapped GFP ................................. 5 Structure of GFP frame .............................. 7 GFP encapsulation techniques ...

BACKGROUND Certain sociodemographic subgroups of HIV-infected patients may experience more chronic disease than others due to behavioural risk factors, advanced HIV disease or complications from extended use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), but recent comparative data are limited. METHODS We studied HIV-infected adult patients in care during 2006-2010 who had been prescribed ≥ 6 ...

OBJECTIVES This investigation was designed to determine the relationship between National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) ATP-II lipid guidelines and subclinical atherosclerosis, defined by electron beam tomography (EBT) calcified coronary plaque, in asymptomatic women. BACKGROUND NCEP guidelines are used to identify women at increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) on the basis ...

Background and Aims: The incidence of diabetes mellitus has reached an alarming level. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause mortality in diabetic patients. However, association between ratio survival outcomes patients with (DM) new-onset acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains unknown. This study aimed to assess TG/HDLC risk death Han Chinese population. Methods: Data this were retro...

Background: Insulin resistance is a major cause for developing type 2 diabetes. However, simultaneously pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction must coexist in clinical occurrence of diabetes (T2D). Hence, knowledge regarding residual function and degree insulin required while treating diabetic patients. Aims Objectives: The present study was done to estimate (homeostatic model assessment - HOMA-IR) f...

Abstract Background Monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) by 55%, regardless of baseline treatments. Nonetheless, effect other lipid parameters, as remnants or, so-called residual risk, are unknown. Methods Multicenter and retrospective registry patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors from 14...

Background Recent studies have pointed out that complement system activation is a major alteration in early atherosclerotic plaques, and C5 has promising value as novel circulating biomarker of atherosclerosis, but the relationship between carotid (CAS) plaque rheumatoid arthritis (RA) still unclear. Objectives To investigate clinical significance serum association with CAS patients RA． Methods...

OBJECTIVES Relationships between incident cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein subclass measurements by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were evaluated in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) in a nested case-cohort analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS The case group consisted of 434 participants with incident myocardial infarction (MI) and angina diagnosed after entry to the study (1990 t...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. PPARgamma agonists improve insulin sensitivity and hyperglycemia and are effective in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whereas PPARalpha agonists are used to treat dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. The goal here was to examine the efficacy of a selective PPARalpha agonist...