Incidence and Natural History Ventricular septal defect is the commonest congenital heart lesion in childhood and probably accounts for 20% of all heart defects (Keith, Rowe, and Vlad, I958). It has been reported to be the second most common cause of death in children suffering from heart disease (Zacharioudakis, Terplan and Lambert, 1957). An accurate appraisal of the life-span of a child born...

Congenital heart defects represent the most common malformation at birth, occurring also in ∼50% of individuals with Down syndrome. Congenital heart defects are thought to have multifactorial etiology, but the main causes are largely unknown. We have explored the global methylation profile of fetal heart DNA in comparison to blood DNA from control subjects: an absolute correlation with the type...

INTRODUCTION Congenital heart defects are the most common congenital anomalies and occur with an incidence from 0.8 to 1% per 1000 live births. In recent years, the pulse oximetry has become a strong candidate for detecting cyanogen congenital heart defects and in combination with routine clinical exam can improve diagnostic of congenital heart diseases. OBJECTIVE To apply the modern algorith...

One hundred and thirty five consecutive fetuses of between 16 and 23 weeks' gestation that were considered to be at high risk of having structural heart defects were examined prospectively to determine the reliability of echocardiography for diagnosing such defects in mid trimester. Each echocardiogram was done in a standard manner and cardiac anatomy was analysed segmentally. Twelve fetuses we...

the majority of coronary artery fistulas (cafs) are congenital. the anomaly accounts for 0.4% of congenital heart defects and approximately 50% of pediatric coronary vasculature anomalies. twenty percent of people with congenital cafs have other concomitant cardiac anomalies, most frequently aortic and pulmonary atresia and patent ductus arteriosus. it is worthy of note that caf with the tetral...

BACKGROUND As a result of antenatal screening, abortion of fetuses with Down syndrome has become increasingly common. Little is known about the cardiovascular phenotype in infants with Down syndrome born today. METHODS Population-based cohort study based on national health registers including 2588 infants with Down syndrome, live-born in Sweden from 1992 to 2012. Risk ratios for congenital he...

OBJECTIVE Congenital cardiac defects represent the most common group of birth defects, affecting an estimated six per 1000 births. Genetic characterization of patients and families with cardiac defects has identified a number of genes required for heart development. Yet, despite the rapid pace of these advances, mutations affecting known genes still account for only a small fraction of congenit...

1. Account for the differences in the fetal circulation and the circulatory changes that occur at birth as they relate to the physical assessment of congenital heart defects. 2. Develop an understanding of the anatomy and physiology associated with uncorrected, palliated, and corrected congenital heart defects. 3. Design pharmacological treatment plans needed for preoperative, postoperative, an...

The transition from the single circulation of the embryo to the double circulation of the neonatal and adult heart involves the transformation of the primitive heart tube through a complex morphogenetic process, resulting in completely separated right and left heart chambers and distinct pulmonary and systemic circulations. Septation of heart chambers starts at early stages in embryogenesis and...