Herein, a new approach was proposed to produce reduced graphene oxide (rGO) from graphene oxide (GO) using various oil palm wastes: oil palm leaves (OPL), palm kernel shells (PKS) and empty fruit bunches (EFB). The effect of heating temperature on the formation of graphitic carbon and the yield was examined prior to the GO and rGO synthesis. Carbonization of the starting materials was conducted...

Like for coal and biomass, the storage of Refused Derived Fuels (RDF) processed through a mixture of non hazardous waste has self-ignition (SI) risks. Some combustible waste fires have been associated to chemical oxidation (T>70oC), one of the self-heating (SH) mechanisms that occurs before SI. Literature about factors that influence these processes in RDF is scarce. Thus, main objective was to...

The purpose of a furnace atmosphere varies with the desired end result of the heat-treating process. In general, the atmospheres used in the heat-treating industry have one of two common purposes: •To protect the material being processed from chemical reactions that could occur on their surfaces (e.g. oxidation), that is, to be passive (or chemically inert) to the metal surface. •To allow the s...

Oxy-fuel combustion is a clean coal technology based on firing fuel in an enriched oxygen atmosphere to obtain a high CO2 concentration in the off-gases. This technology can be combined with the co-firing biomass and the use of blends of coal and biomass can compensate for the fact that the gas properties in the furnace in an oxycombustion process differ from the air-firing case (oxy-firing flu...

The causal structure of cognition can be simulated but not implemented computationally, just as the causal structure of a furnace can be simulated but not implemented computationally. Heating is a dynamical property, not a computational one. A computational simulation of a furnace cannot heat a real house (only a simulated house). It lacks the essential causal property of a furnace. This is obv...

Simulations of coal combustors and gasifiers generally cannot incorporate the complexities of advanced pyrolysis models, and hence there is interest in evaluating simpler models over ranges of temperature and heating rate that are applicable to the furnace of interest. In this paper, six different simple model forms are compared to predictions made by the Chemical Percolation Devolatilization (...

Pollution profiles of typical volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during dismantling of various printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) of e-wastes using different methods were comparatively investigated in the real e-waste dismantling workshops in South China in April 2013. Similar pollution profiles and concentrations of VOCs were observed between dismantling mobile phone and hard disk...

The preparation of 2D-layered C@TiN: Ti3C2 MXenes were synthesized via the previous reported paper. Typically, 1 g Ti3AlC2 (purchased from FORSMAN Company, China) was added into 15 mL 40% HF solution. The solution was stirred for 120 h at 40 oC. After the HF etching, the material was centrifuged and washed in deionized water until pH~7. The Ti3C2 MXene was obtained after drying at 50 oC for 12h...