We experimentally investigated the equilibrium conformation and dynamics of single DNA molecules in slitlike nanochannels. We measured the in-plane radius of gyration (R )), diffusivity (D), and longest relaxation time (τ) of λ-DNA (48.5 kbp) as functions of the slit height using fluorescence microscopy. Our results show that the in-plane radius of gyration increases monotonically with decreasi...

The first large scale laser scanning project in Sweden for the purpose of forest inventory was started by a regional forestry board in central Sweden. The objective was to compare laser scanning with traditional operational methods for large area forest variable estimations. Laser data were acquired for a 50 km forest area in central Sweden with approximately 1.2 laser measurements per square m...

In this paper, a general rough-pad model is proposed for the chemical mechanical polishing CMP process. The proposed rough-pad model has several advantages over existing models. First, general height distribution functions and autocorrelation functions are used to describe the pad surface, which are easier to obtain than pad asperity height and curvature distributions in existing models. Second...

A compacted tree is a graph created from a binary tree such that repeatedly occurring subtrees in the original tree are represented by pointers to existing ones, and hence every subtree is unique. Such representations form a special class of directed acyclic graphs. We are interested in the asymptotic number of compacted trees of given size, where the size of a compacted tree is given by the nu...

Variation in the timing of reproductive functions in dioecious organisms may result in adaptive changes in the direction of sexual dimorphism during the breeding season. For plants in which both pollen and seeds are wind-dispersed, it may be advantageous for male plants to be taller when pollen is dispersed and female plants to be taller when seeds are dispersed. We examined the dynamics of hei...

We produce examples of groups of type F3 with 2–dimensional Dehn functions of the form exp(x) (a tower of exponentials of height n), where n is any natural number.

In this study we find height bounds for polynomial rings over integral domains. We apply nonstandard methods and hence our constants will be ineffective. Furthermore we consider unique factorization domains and possible bounds for valuation rings and arithmetical functions.

The connective constant μ(G) of an infinite transitive graph G is the exponential growth rate of the number of self-avoiding walks from a given origin. The relationship between connective constants and amenability is explored in the current work. Various properties of connective constants depend on the existence of so-called ‘unimodular graph height functions’, namely: (i) whether μ(G) is a loc...