We developed and tested a compound called AGEM400(HES) that consists of a novel erythropoietin mimetic peptide (EMP) which is produced as a continuous Nto C-linked dimer and is conjugated to biodegradable hydroxyethyl starch (HES). In various in vitro assays, AGEM400(HES) demonstrated excellent efficacy, better than the peptide alone, and comparable to the efficacy of erythropoietin (EPO) and A...

We compared the effects of hypertonic saline 7.2%/6% hydroxyethyl starch (HSS-HES) and isotonic saline 0.9%/6% hydroxyethyl starch (ISS-HES) on ileal microcirculatory blood flow (MBF) at the initial phase of septic shock. Pigs were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Catheters were inserted into right atrium, pulmonary artery, carotid artery, and portal vein for hemodynamic measurements a...

The main aim of this paper is to provide set-theoretical solutions the Yang-Baxter equation that are not necessarily bijective, among these new idempotent ones. In specific, we draw on both classical theory inverse semigroups and most recently studied braces, give a research perspective open problem finding solutions. Namely, have recourse structure, semi-brace, triple (S,+,?) with (S,+) semigr...

In this note, we consider a family of iterative formula for computing the weighted Minskowski inverses A ⊕ M,N in Minskowski space, and give two kinds of iterations and the necessary and sufficient conditions of the convergence of iterations. Keywords—iterative method, the Minskowski inverse, A ⊕ M,N inverse.

BACKGROUND Conflicting data exist on the renal effects of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) preparations. The current study evaluates the effects of saline-based 6% HES 130/0.4, 10% HES 200/0.5, and a balanced isotonic crystalloid on renal function and microscopic changes in ovine endotoxemic shock. METHODS Thirty sheep were subjected to endotoxin infusion (Salmonella typhosa) at incremental doses un...

BACKGROUND Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions are used for volume expansion during surgery. We aimed to investigate how 6%HES 130/0.4 affects hemostasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood samples were collected from 12 healthy adult volunteers, diluting with 6%HES 130/0.4 (HES group) or Ringer lactate solution (RL control group). The hemodilution ratio (HR) of citrated blood volume to plasma substitu...

BACKGROUND Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is used for fluid replacement in millions of patients around the world every year, yet it has been found to have adverse effects that have a negative impact on patient survival. Recent clinical trials with a modern HES solution (HES 130) and meta-analyses now enable a reassessment of its risks and benefits. METHODS On the basis of a selective literature se...