high quantity of chemical fertilizer use in farms to increase production but low efficiency irrigation leaches part of nitrate and follows groundwater pollution. in this research, extra water below root zone as deep percolation collected with point drains which installed interface of natural drainage zone and agricultural soil in university of tehran research farms. then, concentration of nitra...

GH4169, a nickel-base heat-resistant alloy, usually has outstanding high-temperature strength, excellent thermal stability and good wear resistance. However, it is hard to cut and its machined surface quality and integrity are particularly sensitive to a manufacturing process employed. The study reported in this paper was conducted to initially, review existing research on machining-induced sur...

This paper describes the methods using bonded cup wheels for grinding toroidal and cylindrical SiC mirrors with large curvature radii. Since the angle between the cutting direction of bonded abrasives and feed direction of the cup wheel is about 90 °, it is possible to obtain a surface with very low surface roughness independent of the direction of measurement. Toroidal mirrors, circular and el...

This paper studies a method of surface heat treatment by making use of grinding heat and stress to create favorable microstructures and promote high wear and fatigue resistance. It was found that the thickness of the treated surface layer could be up to 600 μm. The beneficial microstructure of the layer was created by an enhanced martensite transformation, intensive dislocations and a more desi...

Mechanochemistry is maturing as a discipline and continuing to grow, so it is important to continue understanding the rules governing the system. In a mechanochemical reaction, the reactants are added into a vessel along with one or more grinding balls and the vessel is shaken at high speeds to facilitate a chemical reaction. The dielectric constant of the solvent used in liquid-assisted grindi...

This study evaluated the effect of coarse or fine grinding of three forms of corn on the performance of lactating cows. Six diets, fed as total mixed rations, were identical except for the corn portion of the diet. Corn treatments were dry shelled corn, high moisture ensiled ear corn, and high moisture ensiled shelled corn, either coarsely or finely ground. The experimental design was a 6 x 6 L...

This paper investigates the grinding performance of epoxy matrix composites reinforced by unidirectional carbon fibres, using an alumina grinding wheel. Emphasis was placed on understanding the effect of fibre orientations and grinding depths on the grinding force and surface integrity, and on understanding the grinding mechanisms, with a comparison to orthogonal cutting. It was found that grea...

Off-round grinding performed on CNC cylindrical grinding is a relatively new process. This paper takes a systems approach and discusses the various inputs and outputs and highlights the potential problems that production engineers face in implementing this new process. The effect of the inputs to the off-round grinding process such as the grinding machine, wheel, grinding fluid and the workpiec...

Heat generation is a critical issue in grinding. If the grinding point generates significant heat, dimensional and shape accuracy may decrease due to thermal deformation, machined surface deteriorate burn. Therefore, monitoring temperature during important obtain ideal machining results. In this research, we develop new method measure wheel in-process machining. The proposed measures of through...

This study evaluated microstructural and crystallographic phase changes after grinding (G) and regeneration firing/anneling (R) of Y-TZP ceramics. Thirty five bars (LavaTM and Ice Zirkon) were divided: Y-TZP pre-sintered, control (C), regeneration firing (R), dry grinding (DG), dry grinding+regeneration firing (DGR), wet grinding (WG) and wet grinding+regeneration firing (WGR). Grinding was con...