Over the past decade, mass spectrometry has been revolutionized by access to instruments of increasingly high mass-resolving power. For small molecules up to approximately 400 Da (e.g., drugs, metabolites, and various natural organic mixtures ranging from foods to petroleum), it is possible to determine elemental compositions (C(c)H(h)N(n)O(o)S(s)P(p)...) of thousands of chemical components sim...

The introduction of phased arrays opens-up a range of new possibilities for ultrasonic inspections. Arrays come in various shapes ranging from linear arrays for weld inspection to circular arrays emitting guided waves for permanent monitoring applications. For this kind of applications, the data is best displayed as angle versus time to locate the position a defects. However, the data is normal...

Usual modal analysis techniques are based on the Fourier transform. Due to the ∆T.∆f limitation, they perform poorly when the modal overlap μ exceeds 30%. A technique based on a high-resolution analysis algorithm and an order-detection method is presented here, with the aim of filling the gap between the lowand the high-frequency domains (30% < μ < 100%). A pseudo-impulse force is applied at po...

The hands and mind of an artist are intimately involved in the creative process of image formation, intrinsically making paintings significantly more complex than photographs to analyze. In spite of this difficulty, several years ago the artist David Hockney and I identified optical evidence within a number of paintings that demonstrated artists began using optical projections as early as c1425...

This experiment will allow you to learn a specific optical technique with applications over a wide variety of phenomena. You will use a commercial spectrometer (a very common piece of equipment in research labs) to obtain the emission wavelengths of particular elements (e.g. mercury, sodium, hydrogen and deuterium) as well as to compare the outputs of gas and solid state lasers. You will be abl...

Cellular communication constitutes a fundamental mechanism of life, for instance by permitting transfer of information through synapses in the nervous system and by leading to activation of cells during the course of immune responses. Monitoring cell-cell interactions within living adult organisms is crucial in order to draw conclusions on their behavior with respect to the fate of cells, tissu...

A common problem in seismic tomography is the inadequate amount of data required for accurate traveltime inversion. The inherent nature in which data is acquired and the subsurface velocities of the survey area can result in a nonuniform distribution of raypaths. In such instances the statistical nature of tomographic inversion biases the solution to reflect the acquisition instead of the geolo...