Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Knoop hardness number (KHN) of methacrylate (MC) and silorane (SC) composites after being submitted to erosion and abrasion processes. Material and methods: Forty samples were made with each composite: MC and SC. The samples were divided into eight groups (n = 10) according to the type of composite (G1-G4, MC; G5-G8, SC) and the beverages inv...

Small mammals play important roles in many ecosystems, and understanding their response to disturbances such as cattle grazing is fundamental for developing sustainable land use strategies. However, how small mammals respond to cattle grazing remains controversial. A potential cause is that most of previous studies adopt rather simple experimental designs based solely on the presence/absence of...

The purpose of this study is to determine the rate shoreline change and level abrasion in Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province based on several physical variables coastal area. End Point Rate (EPR) a method that can be used calculate by displaying transects according their category (high abrasion, medium low stable, accretion). From 1991-2021 there was an ±139.71 meters equival...

High-density metals such as hafnium and zirconium are of interest to the propellant, explosive, and pyrotechnic industry due to their high oxidation enthalpies; however, these metal fuels suffer from electrostatic discharge (ESD) complications creating safety concerns. Previous attempts to passivate these powders have failed due to abrasion of the protective coatings. Two novel methods for dese...

This study explored the mechanisms by which crevices act as refugia for small algae during abrasive disturbances. Four substrates with different crevice features were subjected to three levels of abrasion in a stream-based experiment. Substrates were sand-grain caddisfly cases and three glass rod substrates that mimicked caddisfly cases in size and shape, as well as forming a gradient of larger...