نتایج جستجو برای: high water flux
تعداد نتایج: 2563361 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Caveolae are invaginated membrane structures with high levels of cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and caveolin protein that are predicted to exist as liquid-ordered domains with low water permeability. We isolated a caveolae-enriched membrane fraction without detergents from rat lung and characterized its permeability properties to nonelectrolytes and protons. Membrane permeability to water was 2.85...
Partitioning of eddy covariance flux measurements is routinely done to quantify the contributions of separate processes to the overall fluxes. Measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes represent the difference between gross ecosystem photosynthesis and total respiration, while measurements of water vapor fluxes represent the sum of transpiration and direct evaporation. Existing flux partitioning pr...
Background: In light of severe and growing shortages of clean water and the rising environmental pollution in many countries, seawater desalination has been an effective method to produce freshwater. Cationic membranes have enabled environmental scientists to effectively remove toxic heavy metals from wastewater and to regenerate freshwater. Methods: We used a novel method, involving electro- ...
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) dramatically increases the water permeability of toad urinary bladder by insertion of unique highly selective water channels into the apical membranes of granular cells. Before ADH stimulation, water channels are stored in high concentrations in the limiting membranes of large cytoplasmic vesicles called aggrephores. ADH stimulation causes aggrephore fusion with the g...
The recent development in oil and gas industry increases the production and consumption of oil. The enormous amount of oily wastewater produced is urged to be treated to prevent humanity and environment from being threatened. Membrane technology is an appealing alternative for oily wastewater treatment due to its design simplicity, energy efficiency and environmentally benign approach. In this ...
The isotopic composition of surface water vapor flux (δE) is a quantity frequently used to investigate the local and regional cycle. This study reports results comparative evaluation δE determined with Keeling plot flux-gradient methods using high-frequency data collected at cropland site lake site. Three regression models, ordinary least squares (OLS), York's solution (YS), geometric mean regr...
Nanofiltration (NF) is a high-pressure membrane filtration process increasingly applied in drinking water treatment and water reuse processes. NF typically rejects divalent salts, organic matter, and micropollutants. However, the efficiency of NF is adversely affected by membrane biofouling, during which microorganisms adhere to the membrane and proliferate to create a biofilm. Here we show tha...
Paracellular permeability and absorptive water flux across the intestine of the euryhaline killifish were investigated using in vitro gut sac preparations from seawater- and freshwater-acclimated animals. The permeability of polyethylene glycol (PEG), a well-established paracellular probe, was measured using trace amounts of radiolabelled oligomers of three different molecular sizes (PEG-400, P...
Wetlands are the largest natural source of atmospheric methane. Here, we assess controls on methane flux using a database of approximately 19 000 instantaneous measurements from 71 wetland sites located across subtropical, temperate, and northern high latitude regions. Our analyses confirm general controls on wetland methane emissions from soil temperature, water table, and vegetation, but also...
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