Cognitive deficits have been observed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) because of hippocampal insults. Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of MS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Crocus sativus L., commonly known as saffron, on learning and memory loss and the induction of oxidative stress in the hippocampus of toxic models of MS. One week after ...

Antiepileptic drug therapy, though beneficial for restraining seizures, cannot thwart status epilepticus (SE) induced neurodegeneration or down-stream detrimental changes. We investigated the efficacy of resveratrol (RESV) for preventing SE-induced neurodegeneration, abnormal neurogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation in the hippocampus. We induced SE in young rats and treated with either ...

Transient global brain ischemia induced by cardiac arrest and resuscitation (CAR) results in reperfusion injury associated with oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is known to produce delayed selective neuronal cell loss and impairment of brainstem function, leading to post-resuscitation mortality. Levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) modified protein adducts, a marker of oxidative stress, was fo...

Amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) is a 42-43 amino acid peptide known to accumulate in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. We previously reported that the neurotoxicity caused by Abeta is a result of its associated free radicals, which can play an important role in generating oxidative stress. Abeta(25-35)-associated oxidative stress-induced neuronal death in vitro is well established by many laboratori...

Increasing evidence shows that oxidative stress and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein play essential roles in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Quercetin is a major flavonoid that has anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of quercetin to HT22 cells (a cell line from mouse hippocampal neurons). We found that Okada...

Introduction: Stress is defined as any environmental change that disturbs the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Stress leads to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that provoke neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dalteparin on hippocampal neuronal death induced by chronic stress in rats. Methods: the study was carried out on 60 adult male wista...

Using a simulated oxidative stress model of hippocampus-derived immortalized cell line (HT22), we report that prooxidant buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 1 mM, 14 h), without adversely affecting cell viability or morphology, induced oxidative stress by inhibiting glutathione synthesis. BSO treatment also significantly reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p < 0.05) and significantly lowered ...

Objective: Allicin, the main component which is responsible for the biological activities of garlic, exerts a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities and is regarded as a potential drug in clinical therapy. However, the mechanisms of involvement of allicin in cerebral impairment induced by global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) remain unclear. Therefore, here, we explored the effects o...

Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) is implicated in cancer cell death. However, its role and mechanism of action in neuronal death remain to be established. In the present study, we investigate the function of cellular zinc in oxidative stress-induced LMP using hippocampal neurons. Live-cell confocal microscopy with FluoZin-3 fluorescence showed that H(2)O(2) exposure induced vesicles co...