An object-oriented method is presented that generates derivatives of functions defined by MATLAB computer codes. The method uses operator overloading together with forward mode automatic differentiation and produces a new MATLAB code that computes the derivatives of the outputs of the original function with respect to the variables of differentiation. The method can be used recursively to gener...

Noise caused by fluctuations at the molecular level is a fundamental part of intracellular processes. While the response of biological systems to noise has been studied extensively, there has been limited understanding of how to exploit it to induce a desired cell state. Here we present a scalable, quantitative method based on the Freidlin-Wentzell action to predict and control noise-induced sw...

The course of differentiation learning, using the conditioned emotional response (CER) method, was investigated in two groups of 16 rats. The discriminative stimuli consisted of decreases in the 80 dB background white noise to either 70 dB or 60 dB. Differentiation learning was more efficient with the larger decrease of background noise intensity as the CS(+) and the smaller decrease as the CS(...

Ependymomas are well-characterized central nervous system (CNS) tumors that occur most often in children and young adults. Several other CNS tumor entities, including astroblastoma, chordoid glioma, papillary tumor of the pineal region, angiocentric glioma, and pilomyxoid astrocytoma, variably display histopathologic features of ependymal differentiation. The ependymal differentiation in some o...

In a previous paper (1) it was found that in cats deprived from birth of pattern vision with hoods, simultaneous object discrimination was dramatically impaired. In this paper go-no go differentiation is studied in such cats. The specific details of the methodology have been elaborated previously (1). The experiments were performed on 13 cats bred in the laboratory. The 8-th day after the birth...

This paper presents improvements to the complexstep derivative approximation method which increase its accuracy and robustness. These improvements unveil the connection to algorithmic differentiation theory. The choice between these two methods then hinges on a trade-off between ease of implementation and execution efficiency. Automatic implementations for Fortran and C/C++ are presented and th...

Research reported here concerns neural processes relating to stimulus equivalence class formation. In Experiment 1, two types of word pairs were presented successively to normally capable adults. In one type, the words had related usage in English (e.g., uncle, aunt). In the other, the two words were not typically related in their usage (e.g., wrist, corn). For pairs of both types, event-relate...