OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to identify the prevalence of and potential risk factors for HIV-1 infection among drug users visiting drug treatment centers in Tehran, Iran. DESIGN Cross-sectional quantitative study. METHODS Between October 2003 and May 2004, drug users who visited three public drug treatment centers in Tehran were interviewed and information about their sociodemograph...

BACKGROUND The potential for emergence and spread of HIV drug resistance from rollout of antiretroviral (ARV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an important public health concern. We investigated determinants of HIV drug resistance prevalence after PrEP implementation through mathematical modeling. METHODOLOGY A model incorporating heterogeneity in age, gender, sexual activity, HIV infection...

BACKGROUND HIV-1 acute infection, recent infection and transmitted drug resistance screening was integrated into voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) services to enhance the existing surveillance program in San Francisco. This study describes newly-diagnosed HIV cases and characterizes correlates associated with infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A consecutive sample of persons p...

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of highly active antiretroviral therapy resistance mutations in the viral pol gene of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) genotypes that circulate in Hong Kong, by means of an in-house HIV-1 genotyping system. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Two HIV clinics in Hong Kong. PATIENTS A modified in-house genotyping resistance test was used to sequenc...

HIV-1 protease (HIV-pr) acts as the most promising drug target commonly used for anti-HIV therapy. However, efficiency of inhibitors (PIs) has been greatly reduced by mutations assisted resistance. Because richness and greatest diversity plants, current study aims at exploring phytocompounds PIs with potential inhibitory properties against HIV-pr through multi-faceted in silico tactics. Virtual...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) are responsible for two of the major global human infectious diseases that result in significant morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic impact. Furthermore, severity and disease prevention of both infections is enhanced by co-infection. Parallel limitations also exist in access to effective drug therapy and the eme...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Tuberculosis is the commonest opportunistic disease in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Emergence of drug resistant isolates of M. tuberculosis highlights the need for continuous monitoring of drug resistance to antituberculosis drugs. Considering the reported high prevalence of drug resistance in HIV infected tuberculosis patients, we studied the...

OBJECTIVE Malnutrition in drug abusers has been attributed to poor diet. However, previous studies are conflicting. Many studies have not considered possible concurrent HIV disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between drug abuse and dietary intake in Hispanic Americans with and without HIV infection. DESIGN Dietary intake was measured using 3-day food records a...

Background Interaction between M.avium and HIV drugs is unavoidable in HIV patients as for an improved life expectancy of HIV patients, additional medications have to be administered along with HIV drugs. The anti-M.avium drug rifabutin and protease inhibitor, ritonavir are associated with significant drug interactions involving the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system. Little information is ava...

Dermatological disorders are among the most prevalent manifestations of HIV infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this review, we aimed to characterize various dermatologic presentations HIV-infected patients with a detailed categorization mucocutaneous signs and symptoms, their etiopathogenic factors, clinical management. fact, cutaneous quite various, ranging from AIDS-speci...