BACKGROUND: Invasive Cronobacter infection is rare, devastating, and epidemiologically/microbiologically linked to powdered infant formulas (PIFs). In 2002–2004, the US Food and Drug Administration advised health care professionals to minimize PIF and powdered human milk fortifier (HMF)’s preparation, feeding, and storage times and avoid feeding them to hospitalized premature or immunocompromis...

We discuss the dynamics and thermodynamics of the Hamiltonian Mean Field model (HMF) which is a prototypical system with long-range interactions. The HMF model can be seen as the one Fourier component of a one-dimensional self-gravitating system. Interestingly, it exhibits many features of real self-gravitating systems (violent relaxation, persistence of metaequilibrium states, slow collisional...

The kinetics of furfural inhibition of the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; EC 1.1.1.1), aldehyde dehydrogenase (AlDH; EC 1.2.1.5) and the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex were studied in vitro. At a concentration of less than 2 mM furfural was found to decrease the activity of both PDH and AlDH by more than 90%, whereas the ADH activity decreased by less than 20% at the same concentrati...

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, have been recently shown to be involved in synaptic plasticity and in the development of long-term memory in the central nervous system (CNS). We therefore examined the ability of Citrus compounds to activate ERK1/2 in cultured rat cortical neurons, whose activation ...

We present new iterative method for the derivation one-point distribution function in the equilibrium state. For derivation of the distribution function, we must solve Lane-Emden equation. In general case, we solve the equation with iterative method. However the traditional method is not ensured convergence of the algorithm, we cannot often obtain solutions. In order to obtain the stable statio...

The molecular origin of the photoluminescence of carbon dots (CDs) is not known. This restricts the design of CDs with desired optical properties. We have synthesized CDs starting from carbohydrates by employing a simple synthesis method. We were able to demonstrate that the CDs are composed of aggregated hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) derivatives. The optical properties of these CDs are quite uni...

The paper applies MEKC technique to simultaneously carry out quantitative analysis on dairy product’s melamine (Mel) and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) bi-component. The quantization analytic experiment starts with a systematic research on operating voltage, electrophoretic buffer solution gravity and optimum pH value, which further influences additives’ concentration as well as other factors, ...

Based on its rich chemistry and broadly available raw material sources, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has become one of the most promising platform compounds for chemicals and biofuels from renewable biomass, and its production has drawn much attention in recent years. However, it is currently still facing significant technical challenges to make it economically feasible in an industrial scale. U...

Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) are exceedingly rare in children and adolescents, with mycosis fungoides (MF) being the most frequent PCL diagnosed in childhood. There are numerous unusual clinical variants of MF, including the hypopigmented type form (HMF). HMF is exceptional overall, but comparatively common among children. We present an 8-year-old boy with a 3-year history of progressive,...

Accumulating data have indicated that citrus polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) have the ability to affect brain function. In the present study, we showed that 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxy- flavone (HMF) given intraperitoneally to mice was immediately detected in the brain and that the permeability of the brain tissues to it was significantly higher than that of other citrus PMFs (nobiletin, tangeretin...