The undertaking of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a topic widespread concern in society. Utilising sample 9872 private-holding companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen securities markets from 2009 to 2019, this study examines impact state-owned capital CSR activities. We find that is enhanced when proportion company exceeds 5 percent. appointment directors, supervisors, s...

We construct a Risk Management Index (RMI) to measure the strength and independence of the risk management function at bank holding companies (BHCs). U.S. BHCs with higher RMI before the onset of the financial crisis have lower tail risk, lower non-performing loans, and better operating and stock return performance during the financial crisis years. Over the period 1995 to 2010, BHCs with a hig...

ver the past two decades, there has been a transformation in the U.S. financial sector. Alongside the deregulation of this industry, financial intermediation has shifted from a bankcentered process to one where nonbanks play an increasing role. Given these changes, questions arise about how banks have adapted and to what degree their traditional roles in financial intermediation have changed (s...