Oxalate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4) catalyses the conversion of oxalate and dioxygen into CO(2) and H(2)O(2). The barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedling root enzyme was purified to homogeneity and shown by metal analysis and EPR spectroscopy to contain Mn(II) at up to 0.80 atom per subunit. The involvement of Mn and neither flavin, Cu nor Fe in the direct conversion of dioxygen to H(2)O(2) makes oxalate ox...

Plants grown in the dark contain plastids that are quite different in structure to normal chloroplasts. The latter possess sheets of lamellar membranes and granal stacks consisting of closely associated thylakoid discs. In contrast, plastids from darkgrown plants are termed etioplasts and contain a threedimensional lattice of membrane tubes called the prolamellar body. They do not contain chlor...

Barley has been cultivated for more than 10,000 years. Barley improvement studies always have the privilege of the breeders and scientists. This review is expected to provide a resource for researchers interested in barley improvement research in terms of mutation breeding, tissue culture, gene transfers, gene editing, molecular markers, transposons, epigenetic, genomic studies and system biolo...

In order to evaluation of drought resistant indices in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), 10 barley genotypes evaluated in Completely Randomized Design with three Replications in two conditions, (under drought stress and in normal with irrigation in planting, flowering and grain filling stages) in Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch Research Farm in 2012. Drought tolerant indices basis of yield p...

We report here that calmodulin isolated from the monocotyledon barley is indistinguishable by a variety of criteria from calmodulin isolated from the dicotyledon spinach. In contrast to previous reports, we find that barley (Hordeum vulgare) calmodulin has an amino acid composition similar to that of vertebrate and spinach calmodulins, including the presence of a single trimethyllysinyl residue...

Abstract Cystoseira mediterranea (Sauv.) extract was tested for its ability to restore barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) growth under salt stress (350 mM NaCl), shoot growth; membrane integrity; lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide determination were performed. In normal conditions, the obtained data revealed of stimulate most parameters. However, it showed significant effect on parameters (plant ...

SIRE1 is an active and relatively high copy-number retroelement belongs to the Tyl/Copia long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon superfamily. Distinctive elements (ENV GAG) distributions in barley genome were observed by using fluorescent situ hybridization (FISH). We performed PCR obtain tetramethylrhodamine-dUTP (TRITC)-labelled probes. Localizations of ENV GAG domains demonstrated under c...

INTRODUCTION The benefits of physical activity for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have been recognised. However, exercise regimens can be difficult to maintain over the longer term and pwMS may face unique barriers to physical activity engagement. Pilot research suggests the Nintendo Wii can be used safely at home by pwMS with minimal mobility/balance issues and may confer benefits. We h...

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the most susceptible cereal species to excess moisture stress. Waterlogging-induced hypoxia causes major morphological, physiological, and metabolic changes, some of which are regulated by action plant growth regulators signal molecules including nitric oxide. Recent studies have evidenced participation phytoglobins in attenuating hypoxic stress during conditions ...