A 36-h adjoint-based forecast sensitivity study of three response functions defined in the lower troposphere—average temperature in an isolated region of the upper Midwest (R1), meridional temperature difference (R2), and average zonal component of the wind (R3)—is conducted with the goal of providing a synoptic and dynamic interpretation of the sensitivity gradient structure and evolution. In ...

[1] A nested-grid ocean circulation modeling system is used to study the response of Lunenburg Bay in Nova Scotia, Canada, to local wind-forcing, tides, remotely generated waves, and buoyancy forcing in the summer and fall of 2003. Quantitative comparisons between observations and model results demonstrate that the modeling system reproduces reasonably well the observed sea level, temperature, ...

Inertia-gravity waves with very short vertical wavelength (λz≤ 1000 m) are a very common feature of the lowermost stratosphere as observed by the 52 MHz radar ESRAD (Esrange MST radar) in northern Scandinavia (67.88 N, 21.10 E). The waves are seen most clearly in radar-derived profiles of buoyancy frequency (N ). Here, we present a case study of typical waves from 21 February to 22 February 200...

The Betz theory expresses that no horizontal axis wind turbine can extract more than 16/27 (59.3%) of the kinetic energy of the wind. The factor 16/27 (0.593) is known as the Betz limit. Horizontal Axis wind turbine designers try to improve the power performance to reach the Betz limit. Modern operational wind turbines achieve at peak 75% to 80% of the Betz limit. In 1919, Albert Betz used an a...

NUMERICAL SIMULA nON OF THE AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF AN H-ROTOR YanChen August 1 st, 2011 Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are devices to convert wind energy into electricity. Unlike horizontal axis wind turbines (HA WT) where the main rotor shaft is set horizontally, VAWTs use vertical rotor shaft. Unlike HAWTs, VAWTs can be effectively used in urban environment where flow is characterize...

Introduction: Marginal adaptation is the most critical item in long-term prognosis of single crowns. This study aimed to assess the marginal quality as well asthe discrepancies in marginal integrity of some PFM single crowns of posterior teeth by employing parallel radiography in Shiraz Dental School, Shiraz, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive study, parallel radiographies were taken from 200 f...

The spectral width observed by Doppler radars can be due to several e€ects including the atmospheric turbulence within the radar sample volume plus e€ects associated with the background ̄ow and the radar geometry and con®guration. This study re-examines simple models for the e€ects due to ®nite beamwidth and vertical shear of the horizontal wind. Analytic solutions of 1and 2-dimensional models ...

the main goal of the present study is to identify characteristics of the inter-station horizontal magnetic responses and the vertical magnetic data, as two types of magnetotelluric transfer functions, in the modeling procedure. through consideration of model responses and two-dimensional inversion of synthetic data, sensitivity of the data components in detecting different geophysical structure...