A spectrum evaluator has been employed to evaluate the erythemal exposure in late spring and late summer at three sites and five orientations at each site inside a glass greenhouse with black shadecloth over the glass roof. The maximum in the erythemal irradiance in the greenhouse is not necessarily at noon. Over a day, the maximum erythemal exposure occurred on the eastern side of the greenhou...

background: the objective of this study is to establish raman signatures from pure cultures of different candida species using raman spectroscopy (rs) and use these signatures for rapid identification of unknown candida species. methods: pure cultures of five candida species were evaluated using rs to build a limited signature library. ‘raman processing’ (rp) software was used for principal com...

Horizontal gene transfer has been increasingly documented between eukaryotes, but a new study suggests a much larger role for horizontal gene transfer in physiological adaption through the transfer of photosynthetic pathway genes.

To some extent, the genetic theory of adaptive evolution in bacteria is a simple extension of that developed for sexually reproducing eukaryotes. In other, fundamental ways, the process of adaptive evolution in bacteria is quantitatively and qualitatively different from that of organisms for which recombination is an integral part of the reproduction process. In this speculative and opinionated...

L. Samal1; TA. Stavroudis2; RE. Miller3; HP. Lehmann4; CU. Lehmann5,* 1Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brighman and Women's Hospital; 2Division of Newborn and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles; 3Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 4Division of Health Sciences Informatics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 5Divi...

Abstract Due to the modal interference, ambiguity function of conventional matched field processing (CMFP) exists periodic solutions. To solve this problem, a frequency difference (FDMFP) method with horizontal linear array (HLA) for estimating source range is proposed. The calculates two-neighbor-frequency between measurement and replica each hydrophone, then computes high-order cross-spectrum...

Hybrid evolution and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) are processes where evolutionary relationships may more accurately be described by a reticulated network than by a tree. In such a network, there will often be several paths between any two extant species, reflecting the possible pathways that genetic material may have been passed down from a common ancestor to these species. These paths will ...

Luminosity horizontal cells in the turtle retina respond approximately linearly to visual stimuli with contrast levels spanning a large part of the physiological range. We characterized the response properties of these cells under conditions of low photopic background illumination by measuring their spatial and temporal frequency transfer functions. Our experimental results indicate in two ways...

for detecting the crowding of texture are both at play. Disentangling the two will be an interesting challenge. One promising line, as Durgin [8] suggests, will be to look for dissociations between number and texture perception. Manuela Piazza, Stanislas Dehaene and Marco Zorzi (personal communication) have shown that dyscalculic individuals have higher Weber fraction for number discrimination ...