Recent advances in cold cathode field emitters have produced improvements in emission efficiency and thus enhanced the applicability of such devices. This article considers heating due to electron field emission from a polycrystalline diamond cathode. Temperature measurements from infrared thermography reveal highly localized heating due to nonuniform emission from the cathode. Power dissipatio...

A solar trigeneration system for off-grid households, based on photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) collectors, photovoltaic (PV) modules and a heat pump (HP), whose aim is to provide enough electricity, domestic hot water (DHW), heating and cooling power to meet the typical demand of an offgrid single family dwelling, is modeled to predict its performance, enable system sizing and evaluate the impact o...

We have considered the effect that a local reduction in the electron density (an electron bite-out), caused by electron absorption on to dust particles, can have on the artificial electron heating in the height region between 80 to 90 km, where noctilucent clouds (NLC) and the radar phenomenon PMSE (Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes) are observed. With an electron density profile without biteouts...

Local (shearing box) simulations of the nonlinear evolution of the magnetorotational instability in a collisionless plasma show that angular momentum transport by pressure anisotropy (p⊥ 6= p‖, where the directions are defined with respect to the local magnetic field) is comparable to that due to the Maxwell and Reynolds stresses. Pressure anisotropy, which is effectively a large-scale viscosit...

High resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the hot gas in galaxy clusters has shown that the gas is not cooling to low temperatures at the predicted rates of hundreds to thousands of solar masses per year. X-ray images have revealed giant cavities and shock fronts in the hot gas that provide a direct and relatively reliable means of measuring the energy injected into hot atmospheres by active galact...

Currently, many residential buildings and businesses use solar water heating systems. This is an economical reliable type of hot supply. Heating for domestic purposes or using energy a natural simple method saving preserving fossil fuel reserves. The renewable sources relevant all countries the world. article deals with issue improving efficiency heat supply system based on vacuum collectors ci...

[1] Circulating groundwater transports heat. If groundwater flow velocities are sufficiently high, most of the subsurface heat transport can occur by advection. This is the case, for example, in the Cascades volcanic arc where much of the background geothermal heat is transported advectively and then discharged when the groundwater emerges at springs. The temperature of spring water can thus be...

This work proposes a novel heating and cooling system, with incorporated thermoelectric module, that can achieve energy balance using self-water supply heat exchange subsystem. The effect is used to controlled adjustable of the circulating water. Simulations were conducted study thermal performance system while it simultaneously produces hot cold water, different working conditions for hot-and ...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the effects of a thermostatic control system in social (public) housing on the prevalence of dangerous (>60°C) water temperatures and on fuel consumption. DESIGN Pair-matched double-blind cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING Social housing in a deprived inner-London borough. PARTICIPANTS 150 households recruited as clusters from 22 social housing estates. Fou...